Scientists & Staff

Leah Bauer
News Releases
Current Research
My research has focused on key mortality factors that regulate populations of the emerald ash borer (EAB) [Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)] in North America, where this invasive beetle is killing native ash (Fraxinus) trees, and in its native range in Asia where it is considered only a minor ash pest. A better understanding of EAB population dynamics may facilitate the development of safe, long-term, and sustainable management strategies to better protect ash from EAB in North America. Biological control is the generally accepted method for managing invasive pests, mainly insects and weeds, in environmentally sensitive ecosystems such as forests. USDA began an EAB biocontrol program in 2007, with the approval for release of three parasitoid species from China [Tetrastichus planipennisi (Eulophidae), Oobius agrili (Encyrtidae), Spathius agrili (Braconidae)] in the U.S. A fourth species from Russian Far East [Spathius galinae (Braconidae)], was approved for release in 2015. These four parasitoid species are currently being reared and shipped by USDA APHIS for release in the U.S. by researchers, forest managers, and landowners. Research continues on the establishment and prevalence of native and introduced EAB parasitoids, as well as the impacts of biocontrol on EAB population densities, ash health, and forest recovery in the aftermath of EAB.
Research Interests
My collaborative research continues at long-term study sites in Michigan where we are evaluating parasitoid establishment, spread, impacts on EAB population dynamics, and impacts on ash regeneration and survival.
Why This Research is Important
Emerald ash borer (EAB), an invasive beetle from Asia is spreading in North America, causing widespread mortality of native ash (Fraxinus) trees. EAB was first discovered in southeast Michigan in 2002 and likely arrived during the 1990s in EAB-infested solid-wood packaging materials used for international trade with Asia. Despite early efforts by regulatory agencies to eradicate EAB, infestations are known in 35 states, the District of Columbia, and four Canadian provinces as of August 2018. The ecological impacts of the EAB invasion are rapidly changing the biodiversity, species composition, hydrologic processes, and nutrient and carbon cycles in our forests. The survival of ash species native to North America may require a combination of both biocontrol and the discovery or development or EAB-resistant ash genotypes.
Education
- University of Kentucky, Ph.D. Entomology, 1987
- University of Maine, M.S. Entomology, 1977
- University of Michigan, B.S. Natural Resources, 1974
Professional Organizations
- Entomological Society of America
- Society for Invertebrate Pathology (SIP)
- International Organization for Biological Control
- Michigan Entomological Society
Featured Publications & Products
- Duan, Jian J.; Bauer, Leah S.; Abell, Kristopher J.; Ulyshen, Michael D.; Van Driesche, Roy G. 2015. Population dynamics of an invasive forest insect and associated natural enemies in the aftermath of invasion: implications for biological control. Journal of Applied Ecology. 52(5): 1246-1254.
- Bauer, Leah S.; Duan, Jian J.; Gould, Juli R.; Van Driesche, Roy. 2015. Progress in the classical biological control of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in North America. The Canadian Entomologist. 147(3): 300-317.
- Duan, Jian J.; Bauer, Leah S.; Van Driesche, Roy G. 2017. Emerald ash borer biocontrol in ash saplings: The potential for early stage recovery of North American ash trees. Forest Ecology and Management
- Bauer, Leah S.; Duan, Jian J.; Gould, Juli R. 2014. Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). In: Van Driesche, R.; Reardon, R., eds. The use of classical biological control to preserve forests in North America. FHTET-2013-02. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 189-209. Chapter XVII.
- Abell, Kristopher J.; Bauer, Leah S.; Duan, Jian J.; Van Driesche, Roy. 2014. Long-term monitoring of the introduced emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) egg parasitoid, Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), in Michigan, USA and evaluation of a newly developed monitoring technique. Biological Control. 79: 36-42.
- Duan, Jian J.; Bauer, Leah S.; Abell, Kristopher J.; Lelito, Jonathan P.; Van Driesche, Roy. 2013. Establishment and abundance of Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Michigan: potential for success in classical biocontrol of the invasive emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 106: 1145-1154.
- Duan, Jian J.; Abell, Kristopher J.; Bauer, Leah S.; Gould, Juli; Van Driesche, Roy. 2014. Natural enemies implicated in the regulation of an invasive pest: a life table analysis of the population dynamics of the emerald ash borer. Agricultural and Forest Entomology. 16(4): 406-416.
- Triapitsyn, Serguei V.; Petrice, Toby R.; Gates, Michael W.; Bauer, Leah S. 2015. Two new species of Oobius Trjapitzin (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) egg parasitoids of Agrilus spp. (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) from the USA, including a key and taxonomic notes on other congeneric Nearctic taxa. ZooKeys. 498: 29-50.
Publications & Products
- Duan, Jian J.; Gould, Juli ; . Slager, Ben H.; Quinn, Nicole F.; Petrice, Toby R.; Poland, Therese M.; Bauer, Leah S.; Rutledge, Claire E.; Elkinton, Joseph S.; Van Driesche, Roy. 2022. Progress toward successful biological control of the invasive emerald ash borer in the United States. In: Van Driesche, R.G.; Winston, R.L.; Perring, T.M.; Lopez, V.M., editors. Contributions of classical biological control to the U.S. food security, forestry, and biodiversity. FHAAST-2019-05. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 232-250.
- Duan, Jian J.; Van Driesche, Roy G.; Schmude, Jonathan M.; Quinn, Nicole F.; Petrice, Toby R.; Rutledge, Claire E.; Poland, Therese M.; Bauer, Leah S.; Elkinton, Joseph S. 2021. Niche partitioning and coexistence of parasitoids of the same feeding guild introduced for biological control of an invasive forest pest. Biological Control
- Petrice, Toby R.; Bauer, Leah S.; Miller, Deborah L.; Stanovick, John S.; Poland, Therese M.; Ravlin, F. William. 2021. Monitoring field establishment of the emerald ash borer biocontrol agent Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae): Sampling methods, sample size, and phenology. Biological Control
- Cossé, Allard A.; Zilkowski, Bruce W.; Zou, Yunfan ; Millar, Jocelyn G.; Bauer, Leah ; Poland, Therese. 2020. Female-Produced Sex Pheromone of Tetrastichus planipennisi, a Parasitoid Introduced for Biological Control of the Invasive Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis. Journal of Chemical Ecology
- Duan, Jian ; Bauer, Leah ; Van Driesche, Roy ; Schmude, Jonathan ; Petrice, Toby ; Chandler, Jennifer ; Elkinton, Joe. 2020. Effects of Extreme Low Winter Temperatures on the Overwintering Survival of the Introduced Larval Parasitoids Spathius galinae and Tetrastichus planipennisi: Implications for Biological Control of Emerald Ash Borer in North America. Journal of Economic Entomology
- Petrice, Toby ; Bauer, Leah ; Miller, Deborah ; Poland, Therese ; Ravlin, F William. 2020. A Phenology Model for Simulating Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) Seasonal Voltinism and Synchrony With Emerald Ash Borer Oviposition. Environmental Entomology
- Petrice, Toby R.; Miller, Deborah L.; Bauer, Leah S.; Poland, Therese M.; Ravlin, Forrest W. 2019. Photoperiodic modulation of diapause induction and termination in Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an egg parasitoid of the invasive emerald ash borer. Biological Control
- Duan, Jian J.; Schmude, Jonathan M.; Wang, Xiao-Yi ; Watt, Timothy J.; Bauer, Leah S. 2018. Host utilization, reproductive biology, and development of the larval parasitoid Tetrastichus planipennisi as influenced by temperature: Implications for biological control of the emerald ash borer in North America. Biological Control
- Duan, Jian; Bauer, Leah; van Driesche, Roy; Gould, Juli. 2018. Progress and challenges of protecting North American ash trees from the emerald ash borer using biological control. Forests. 9(3): 142. 17 p.
- Kashian, Daniel ; Bauer, Leah ; Spei, Benjamin ; Duan, Jian ; Gould, Juli. 2018. Potential Impacts of Emerald Ash Borer Biocontrol on Ash Health and Recovery in Southern Michigan. Forests
- Yao, Yan-Xia; Duan, Jian J.; Mottern, Jason L.; Wang, Xiao-Yi; Yang, Zhong-Qi; Bauer, Leah S.; Gates, Michael W. 2018. Two new species of Oobius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and their phylogenetic relationship with other congeners from northeastern Asia. The Canadian Entomologist
- Duan, Jian J.; Van Driesche, Roy G.; Bauer, Leah S.; Reardon, Richard; Gould, Juli; Elkinton, Joseph S. 2017. The role of biocontrol of emerald ash borer in protecting ash regeneration after invasion. FHAAST-2017-02. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Assessment and Applied Sciences Team. 10 p.
- Margulies, Elan; Bauer, Leah; Ibáñez, Inés. 2017. Buying Time: Preliminary Assessment of Biocontrol in the Recovery of Native Forest Vegetation in the Aftermath of the Invasive Emerald Ash Borer. Forests
- Parisio, Michael S.; Gould, Juli R.; Vandenberg, John D.; Bauer, Leah S.; Fierke, Melissa K. 2017. Evaluation of recovery and monitoring methods for parasitoids released against emerald ash borer. Biological Control. 106: 45-53.
- Abell, Kristopher J.; Bauer, Leah S.; Miller, Deborah L.; Duan, Jian J.; Van Driesche, Roy G. 2016. Monitoring the establishment and flight phenology of parasitoids of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Michigan by using sentinel eggs and larvae. Florida Entomologist. 99(4): 667-672.
- Gould, Juli S.; Bauer, Leah S.; Duan, Jian. 2016. Emerald ash borer biological control release and recovery guidelines. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Forest Service Northern Research Station, and Agricultural Research Service. 58 p.
- Liu, Houping; Bauer, Leah S.; Zhao, Tonghai; Gao, Ruitong; Poland, Therese M. 2016. Seasonal abundance and development of the Asian longhorned beetle and natural enemy prevalence in different forest types in China. Biological Control
- Petrice, Toby; Ravlin, F. William; Bauer, Leah S.; Poland, Therese M. 2016. Establishing Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), the introduced egg parasitoid of emerald ash borer, in Michigan ash stands. Newsletter of the Michigan Entomological Society. 61(3/4): 30.
- Wang, Xiao-Yi; Cao, Liang-Ming; Yang, Zhong-Qi; Duan, Jian J.; Gould, Juli R.; Bauer, Leah S. 2016. Natural enemies of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in northeast China, with notes on two species of parasitic Coleoptera. The Canadian Entomologist. 148(03): 329-342.
- Abell, Kristopher; Poland, Therese M.; Cosse, Allard; Bauer, Leah S. 2015. Trapping techniques for emerald ash borer and its introduced parasitoids. In: Van Driesche, R.G.; Reardon, R.C., eds. Biology and control of emerald ash borer. FHTET-2014-09. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 113-127. Chapter 7.
- Bauer, Leah S.; Duan, Jian J.; Lelito, Jonathan P.; Liu, Houping; Gould, Juli R. 2015. Biology of emerald ash borer parasitoids. In: Van Driesche, R.G.; Reardon, R.C., eds. Biology and control of emerald ash borer. FHTET-2014-09. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 97-112. Chapter 6.
- Duan, Jian J.; Van Driesche, Roy G.; Bauer, Leah S.; Kashian, Daniel M.; Herms, Daniel A. 2015. Risk to ash from emerald ash borer: can biological control prevent the loss of ash stands?. In: Van Driesche, R.G.; Reardon, R.C., eds. Biology and control of emerald ash borer. FHTET-2014-09. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 153-163. Chapter 10.
- Gould, Juli R.; Bauer, Leah S.; Duan, Jian J.; Williams, David; Liu, Houping. 2015. History of emerald ash borer biological control. In: Van Driesche, R.G.; Reardon, R.C., eds. Biology and control of emerald ash borer. FHTET-2014-09. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 83-95. Chapter 5.
- Gould, Juli S.; Bauer, Leah S.; Duan, Jian. 2015. Emerald ash borer biological control release and recovery guidelines. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Forest Service Northern Research Station, and Agricultural Research Service. 57 p.
- Haack, Robert A.; Baranchikov, Yuri; Bauer, Leah S.; Poland, Therese M. 2015. Emerald ash borer biology and invasion history. In: Van Driesche, R.G.; Reardon, R.C., eds. Biology and control of emerald ash borer. FHTET-2014-09. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 1-13. Chapter 1.
- Jennings, David E.; Duan, Jian J.; Abell, Kristopher J.; Bauer, Leah S.; Gould, Juli R.; Shrewsbury, Paula M.; Van Driesche, Roy G. 2015. Life table evaluation of change in emerald ash borer populations due to biological control. In: Van Driesche, R.G.; Reardon, R.C., eds. Biology and control of emerald ash borer. FHTET-2014-09. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 139-151. Chapter 9.
- Jennings, David E.; Duan, Jian J.; Bauer, Leah S.; Schmude, Jonathan M.; Wetherington, Miles T.; Shrewsbury, Paula M. 2015. Temporal dynamics of woodpecker predation on emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) in the northeastern U.S.A.. Agricultural and Forest Entomology. 18(2): 174-181.
- Keever, Carson C.; Nieman, Christal; Ramsay, Larissa; Ritland, Carol E.; Bauer, Leah S.; Lyons, D. Barry; Cory, Jenny S. 2013. Microsatellite population genetics of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire): comparisons between Asian and North American populations. Biological Invasions 15: 1537-1559.
- Abell, Kristopher J.; Duan, Jian J.; Bauer, Leah; Lelito, Jonathan P.; Van Driesche, Roy G. 2012. The effect of bark thickness on the effectiveness of Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymen: Eulophidae) and Atanycolus spp. (Hymen: Braconidae), two parasitoids of emerald ash borer (Coleop: Buprestidae). Biological Control. 63: 320-325.
- Dean, Kimberly M; Vandenberg, John D.; Griggs, Michael H.; Bauer, Leah S.; Fierke, Melissa K. 2012. Susceptibility of two hymenopteran parasitoids of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) to the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 109: 303-306.
- Duan, Jian J.; Bauer, Leah S.; Abell, Kristopher J.; van Driesch, Roy. 2012. Population responses of hymenopteran parasitoids to the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Bupresitidae) in recently invaded areas in north central United States. BioControl. 57: 919-209.
- Duan, Jian J.; Bauer, Leah S.; Gould, Juli R.; Lelito, Jonathan P. 2012. Biological control of emerald ash borer in North America: current progress and potential for success. International Organization for Biological Control Nearctic Regional Section Newsletter. 34(1): 5. [Abstract].
- Duan, Jian J.; Bauer, Leah S.; Hansen, Jason A.; Abell, Kristopher J.; Van Driesche, Roy. 2012. An improved method for monitoring parasitism and establishment of Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an egg parasitoid introduced for biological control of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in North America. Biological Control. 60: 255-261.
- Gould, Juli S.; Bauer, Leah S.; Lelito, Jonathan; Duan, Jian. 2012. Emerald ash borer biological control release and recovery guidelines. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Forest Service Northern Research Station, and Agricultural Research Service. 76 p.
- Bauer, Leah S.; Londoño, Diana K. 2011. Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis SDS-502 on adult emerald ash borer. In: McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. 2010. Proceedings. 21st U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2010; 2010 January 12-15; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-75. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 74-75.
- Bauer, Leah S.; Miller, Deborah L.; Londono, Diana. 2011. Laboratory bioassay of emerald ash borer adults with a Bacillus thuringiensis formulation sprayed on ash leaves. In: Parra, Gregory; Lance, David; Mastro, Victor; Reardon, Richard; Benedict, Chuck, comps. 2011 emerald ash borer national research and technology development meeting; 2011 October 12-13; Wooster, OH. FHTET-2011-06. Morgantown, WV; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 131-133.
- Bauer, Leah; Duan, Jian; Gould, Juli; Abell, Kristopher; Miller, Deborah; Hansen, Jason; Van Driesche, Roy. 2011. Methods for studying emerald ash borer parasitoids in the field. In: Parra, Gregory; Lance, David; Mastro, Victor; Reardon, Richard; Benedict, Chuck, comps. 2011 emerald ash borer national research and technology development meeting; 2011 October 12-13; Wooster, OH. FHTET-2011-06. Morgantown, WV; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 78-80.
- Bauer, Leah; Gould, Juli; Duan, Jian; Ulyshen, Mike. 2011. Emerald ash borer biological control. In: McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. 2010. Proceedings. 21st U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2010; 2010 January 12-15; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-75. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 70-73.
- Bray, Alicia M.; Bauer, Leah S.; Poland, Therese M.; Haack, Bob A.; Smith, James J. 2011. Invasion genetics of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire). In: McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. 2010. Proceedings. 21st U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2010; 2010 January 12-15; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-75. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 5.
- Bray, Alicia M.; Bauer, Leah S.; Poland, Therese M.; Haack, Robert A.; Cognato, Anthony I.; Smith, James J. 2011. Genetic analysis of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) populations in Asia and North America. Biological Invasions. 13: 2869-2887.
- Duan, Jian J.; Bauer, Leah S.; Ulyshen, Michael D.; Gould, Juli R.; Van Driesche, Roy. 2011. Development of methods for the field evaluation of Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in North America, a newly introduced egg parasitoid of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Biological Control. 56: 170-174.
- Duan, Jian J.; Oppel, Craig B.; Ulyshen, Michael D.; Bauer, Leah S.; LeLito, Jonathan. 2011. Biology and life history of Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) a larval endoparasitoid of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera:Buprestidae). Florida Entomologist. 94(4): 933-940.
- Duan, Jian J.; Ulyshen, Mike; Bauer, Leah; Fraser, Ivich. 2011. Developing rearing methods for Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a larval endoparasitoid of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). In: McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. 2010. Proceedings. 21st U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2010; 2010 January 12-15; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-75. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 84.
- Poland, Therese M.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Herms, Daniel A.; Bauer, Leah S.; Gould, Juli R.; Tluczek, Andrew R. 2011. Management tactics for emerald ash borer: chemical and biological control. In: McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. 2010. Proceedings. 21st U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2010; 2010 January 12-15; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-75. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 46-49.
- Ulyshen, Michael D.; Duan, Jian J.; Bauer, Leah S.; Gould, Juli; Taylor, Phil; Bean, Dick; Holko, Carol; Driesche, Roy Van. 2011. Field-cage methodology for evaluating climatic suitability for introduced wood-borer parasitoids: preliminary results from the emerald ash borer system. Journal of Insect Science 11(141):1-10
- Ulyshen, Michael D.; Mankin, Richard W.; Chen, Yigen; Duan, Jian J.; Poland, Therese M.; Bauer, Leah S. 2011. Role of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) larval vibrations in host-quality assessments by Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 104: 81-86.
- Castrillo, Louela A.; Bauer, Leah S.; Liu, Houping; Griggs, Michael H.; Vandenberg, John D. 2010. Characterization of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) isolates associated with Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) populations in Michigan. Biological Control. 54: 135-140.
- Duan, Jian; Ulyshen, Michael; Bauer, Leah; Gould, Juli; Van Driesche, Roy. 2010. Measuring the impact of biotic factors on populations of immature Emerald Ash Borers (Coleoptera: Buprestidae).. Environmental Entomology
- Kula, Robert R.; Knight, Kathleen S.; Rebbeck, Joanne; Bauer, Leah S.; Cappaert, David L.; Gandhi, Kamal J.K. 2010. Leluthia astigma (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) as a parasitoid of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Agrilinae), with an assessment of host associations for nearctic species of Leluthia Cameron.. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 112(2): 246-257.
- Taylor, R.A.J.; Bauer, Leah S.; Poland, Therese M.; Windell, Keith N. 2010. Flight performance of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) on a flight mill and in free flight. Journal of Insect Behavior. 23: 128-148.
- Ulyshen, Michael D.; Duan, Jian J.; Bauer, Leah S. 2010. Interactions between Spathius agrili (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), larval parasitoids of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Biological Control. 52: 188-193.
- Ulyshen, Michael D.; Duan, Jian J.; Bauer, Leah S.; Fraser, Ivich. 2010. Suitability and accessibility of immature Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) stages to Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 103(4): 1080-1085.
- Ulyshen, Michael; Duan, Jian; Bauer, Leah; Fraser, Ivich. 2010. Suitability and Accessibility of Immature Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Stages to Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae).. J. Econ. Entomol. 103(4):1080-1085
- Bauer, Leah S.; Liu, Houping; Miller, Deborah L. 2009. Emerald ash borer biological control: rearing, releasing, establishment, and efficacy of parasitoids. In: McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. Proceedings. 20th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2009; 2009 January 13-16; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-51. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 7-8
- Castrillo, Louela A.; Bauer, Leah S.; Liu, Houping; Griggs, Michael H.; Vandenberg, John D. 2009. Natural infections of Beauveria bassiana in Agrilus planipennis populations in Michigan. In: McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. Proceedings. 20th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2009; 2009 January 13-16; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-51. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 65.
- Castrillo, Louela A.; Griggs, Michael H.; Liu, Houping; Bauer, Leah; Vandenberg, John D. 2009. Field persistence and efficacy of the fungus Beauveria bassiana against the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis. In: McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. Proceedings. 20th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2009; 2009 January 13-16; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-51. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 64.
- Hajek, Ann E.; Bauer, Leah S. 2009. Chapter 10. Use of entomopathogens against invasive wood boring beetles in North America. In: Hajek, A.E.; Glare, T.R.; O'Callaghan, M., eds. Use of microbes for control and eradication of invasive arthropods. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer: 159-179.
- Keena, Melody A.; Gould, Juli; Bauer, Leah S. 2009. Factors that influence emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) adult longevity and oviposition under laboratory conditions. In: McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. Proceedings. 20th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2009; 2009 January 13-16; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-51. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 81.
- Bauer, Leah S.; Liu, Houping; Gould, Juli. 2008. Progress on biological control of emerald ash borer. In: Mastro, Victor; Lance, David; Reardon, Richard; Parra, Gregory, comps. Emerald ash borer research and development meeting; 2007 October 23-24; Pittsburgh, PA. FHTET 2008-07. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 56-58.
- Bauer, Leah S.; Liu, Houping; Miller, Deborah; Gould, Juli. 2008. Developing a classical biological control program for Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive ash pest in North America. Newsletter of the Michigan Entomological Society. 53(3&4): 38-39.
- Bray, Alicia M.; Bauer, Leah S.; Haack, Robert A.; Poland, Therese; Smith, James J. 2008. Emerald ash borer genetics: an update. In: Mastro, Victor; Lance, David; Reardon, Richard; Parra, Gregory, comps. Emerald ash borer research and development meeting; 2007 October 23-24; Pittsburgh, PA. FHTET 2008-07. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 11.
- Dubois, Thomas; Lund, Jennifer; Bauer, Leah S.; Hajek, Ann E. 2008. Virulence of entomopathogenic hypocrealean fungi infecting Anoplophora glabripennis. BioControl. 53: 517-528.
- Hajek, Ann E.; Burke, Allison E.; Nielsen, Charlotte; Hannam, Joshua J.; Bauer, Leah S. 2008. Nondormancy in Entomophaga maimaiga azygospores: effects of isolate and cold exposure. Mycologia. 100(6): 833-842.
- Huber, John T.; Gibson, Gary A.P.; Bauer, Leah S.; Liu, Houping; Gates, Michael. 2008. The genus Mymaromella (Hymenoptera: Mymarommatidae) in North America, with a key to described extant species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 17(2): 175-194.
- Liu, Houping; Bauer, Leah S. 2008. Microbial control of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) with Beauveria bassiana strain GHA: Greenhouse and field trials. Biological control. 45: 124-132.
- Liu, Houping; Bauer, Leah S. 2008. Microbial control of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) with Beauveria bassiana strain GHA: field applications. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 18(6): 571-585.
- Liu, Houping; Bauer, Leah S.; Zhao, Tonghai; Gao, Ruitong. 2008. Population biology of emerald ash borer and its natural enemies in China. In: Mastro, Victor; Lance, David; Reardon, Richard; Parra, Gregory, comps. Emerald ash borer research and development meeting; 2007 October 23-24; Pittsburgh, PA. FHTET 2008-07. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 59-60.
- Lui, Houping; Bauer, Leah S. 2008. Emerald Ash Borer Microbial Control with the Entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana GHA formulated as Botanigard®. In: Mastro, Victor; Lance, David; Reardon, Richard; Parra, Gregory, comps. Emerald ash borer research and development meeting; 2007 October 23-24; Pittsburgh, PA. FHTET 2008-07. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 48-49.
- Vasanthakumar, Archana; Handelsman, Jo; Schloss, Patrick D.; Bauer, Leah S.; Raffa, Kenneth F. 2008. Gut microbiota of an invasive subcortical beetle, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, across various life stages. Environmental Entomology. 37(5): 1344-1353.
- Bauer, L.S.; Liu, H.P.; Gould, J.; Reardon, R. 2007. Progress on Biological Control of the Emerald Ash Borer in North America. Biocontrol News and Information. 28: 51N-54N.
- Bauer, Leah S.; Liu, Houping. 2007. Oobius Agrili (Hymentoptera: Encyrtidae), a solitary egg parasitoid of emerald ash borer from China. In: Mastro, Victor; Lance, David; Reardon, Richard; Parra, Gregory, comps. Emerald ash borer and Asian longhorhed beetle research and development review meeting; 2006 October 29-November 2; Cincinnatti, OH. FHTET 2007-04. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 63-64.
- Bray, Alicia M.; Bauer, Leah S.; Fuester, Roger W.; Choo, Ho Yul; Lee, Dong Woon; Kamata, Naoto; Smith, James J. 2007. Expanded explorations for emerald ash borer in Asia and implications for genetic analysis. In: Mastro, Victor; Lance, David; Reardon, Richard; Parra, Gregory, comps. Emerald ash borer and Asian longhorhed beetle research and development review meeting; 2006 October 29-November 2; Cincinnatti, OH. FHTET 2007-04. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 6-7.
- Bray, Alicia M.; Bauer, Leah S.; Haack, Robert A.; Poland, Therese; Smith, James J. 2007. Invasion Genetics of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis FAIRMAIRE) in North America. In: Bentz, Barbara; Cognato, Anthony; Raffa, Kenneth, eds. Proceedings from the Third Workshop on Genetics of Bark Beetles and Associated Microorganisms. Proc. RMRS-P-45. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 21-22
- Hajek, Ann E.; Bauer, Leah S. 2007. Microbial control of wood-boring insects attacking forest and shade trees. In: Lacey, Lawrence A.; Kaya, Harry K.; eds. Field manual of techniques in invertebrate pathology. Chapter VII-10. Secaucus, NJ: Springer: 505-533.
- Hajek, Ann E.; Dubois, Thomas; Lund, Jennifer; Shanley, Ryan; Bauer, Leah; Smith, Michael; Fan, Peng; Bo, Huang; Jiafu, Hu; Li, Zengzhi. 2007. Microbial control of Asian longhorned beetles - what are fungal bands?. In: Gottschalk, Kurt W., ed. Proceedings, 17th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2006; Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-10. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 47.
- Liu, Houping; Bauer, Leah S. 2007. Is biological control a management option for emerald ash borer in North America?. In: Gottschalk, Kurt W., ed. Proceedings, 17th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2006; Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-10. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 66.
- Liu, Houping; Bauer, Leah S. 2007. Tetrastichus Planipennisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a gregarious larval endoparasitoid of emerald ash borer from China. In: Mastro, Victor; Lance, David; Reardon, Richard; Parra, Gregory, comps. Emerald ash borer and Asian longhorhed beetle research and development review meeting; 2006 October 29-November 2; Cincinnatti, OH. FHTET 2007-04. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 61-62.
- Liu, Houping; Bauer, Leah S.; Zhao, Tonghai; Gao, Ruitong; Song, Liwen; Luan, Qingshu; Jin, Ruozhong; Gao, Changqi. 2007. Seasonal abundance of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and its natural enemies Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in China. Biological Control. 42: 61-71.
- Taylor, Robin A.; Poland, Therese M.; Bauer, Leah S.; Kautz, James L. 2007. Emerald ash borer flight estimates revised. In: Mastro, Victor; Lance, David; Reardon, Richard; Parra, Gregory, comps. Emerald ash borer and Asian longhorhed beetle research and development review meeting; 2006 October 29-November 2; Cincinnatti, OH. FHTET 2007-04. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 10-12.
- Bauer, Leah S.; Dean, Donald; Handelsman, Jo. 2006. Bacillus thuringeniensis: potential for management of emerald ash borer. In: Mastro, Victor; Reardon, Richard; Parra, Gregory, comps. Emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting; 2005 September 26-27; Pittsburg, PA. FHTET 2005-16. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 38-39.
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- Bray, Alicia M.; Bauer, Leah S.; Haack, Robert A.; Poland, Therese; Smith, James J. 2006. Invasion genetics of emerald ash borer in North America. In: Mastro, Victor; Reardon, Richard; Parra, Gregory, comps. Proceedings of the 2005 emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting; 2005 September 26-27; Pittsburgh, PA. FHTET-2005-16. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team : 5-6.
- Fallon, Declan J.; Solter, Leellen F.; Bauer, Leah S.; Miller, Deborah L.; Cate, James R.; McManus, Michael L. 2006. Effect of entomopathogenic nematodes on Plectrodera scalator (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 92:55-57.
- Haack, Robert A.; Bauer, Leah S.; Gao, Rui-Tong; McCarthy, Joseph J.; Miller, Deborah L.; Petrice, Toby R.; Poland, Therese M. 2006. Anoplophora glabripennis within-tree distribution, seasonal development, and host suitability in China and Chicago. The Great Lakes Entomologist. 39: 169-183.
- Lui, Houping; Bauer, Leah S. 2006. Susceptibility of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) to Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. Journal of Economic Entomology. 99(4): 1096-1103.
- Poland, Therese M.; Haack, Robert A.; Petrice, Toby R.; Miller, Deborah L.; Bauer, Leah S. 2006. Laboratory Evaluation of the Toxicity of Systemic Insecticides for Control of Anoplophora glabripennis and Plectrodera scalator (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 99(1): 85-93 (2006)
- Poland, Therese M.; Haack, Robert A.; Petrice, Toby R.; Miller, Deborah L.; Bauer, Leah S.; Gao, Ruitong. 2006. Field Evaluations of Systemic Insecticides for Control of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China. J. Econ. Entomol. 99(2): 383-392 (2006)
- Taylor, Robin A.J.; Poland, Therese M.; Bauer, Leah S.; Haack, Robert A. 2006. Is emerald ash borer an obligant migrant?. In: Mastro, Victor; Reardon, Richard; Parra, Gregory, comps.. Emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting; 2005 September 26-27; Pittsburgh, PA. FHTET-2005-16. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 14.
- Bauer, Leah S.; Liu, Houping; Haack, Robert A.; Gao, Ruitong; Zhao, Tonghai; Miller, Deborah L.; Petrice, Toby R. 2005. Update on emerald ash borer natural enemy surveys in Michigan and China. In: Mastro, Victor; Reardon, Richard, comps. Proceedings of the emerals ash borer research and development meeting; 2004 October 5-6; Romulus, MI. FHTET 2004-15. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 71-72.
- Bray, Alicia M.; Bauer, Leah S.; Haack, Robert A.; Smith, James J. 2005. Genetic analysis of emerald ash borer to determine the point of origin of Michigan infestations. In: Mastro, Victor; Reardon, Richard, comps. Proceedings of the emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting; 2004 October 5-6; Romulus, MI. FHTET 2004-15. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 17-18.
- Fleming, Mary R.; Agrawal, Dinesh K.; Bhardwaj, Mahesh C.; Bauer, Leah S.; Janowiak, John J.; Shield, Jeffrey E.; Hoover, Kelli; Roy, Rustum. 2005. Noncontact ultrasound detection of exotic insects in wood packing materials. Forest Products Journal. 55(6): 33-37.
- Fleming, Mary R.; Janowiak, John J.; Kimmel, Jeffrey D.; Halbrendt, John M.; Bauer, Leah S.; Hoover, Kelli. 2005. Efficacy of commercial microwave equipment for eradication of pine wood nematodes and cerambycid larvae infesting red pine. Forest Products Journal. 55(12): 226-232.
- Gates, Michael W.; Liu, Houping; Bauer, Leah S.; Schauff, Michael E. 2005. A new species of Pediobius (hymenoptera: eulophidae) parasitizing Chyliza apicalis (Diptera: Psilidae) in ash trees attacked by Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). The Great Lakes Entolomogist. 38(1,2): 76-82.
- Gould, Juli; Bauer, Leah; Liu, Houping; Williams, Dave; Schaefer, Paul; Reardon, Dick; Reardon, Dick. 2005. Potential for Biological Control of the Emerald Ash Borer. In: Gottschalk, Kurt W., ed. Proceedings, 16th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2005; 2005 January 18-21; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-337. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: 22.
- Liu, Houping; Bauer, Leah S.; Miller, Deborah L. 2005. 2004 update on studies of Botanigard® for control of emerald ash borer adults and larvae. In: Mastro, Victor; Reardon, Richard, comps. Proceedings of the emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting; 2004 October 5-6; Romulus, MI. FHTET 2004-15. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 41-42.
- Taylor, Robin A.; Bauer, Leah S.; Miller, Deborah L.; Haack, Robert A. 2005. Emerald ash borer flight potential. In: Mastro, Victor; Reardon, Richard, comps. Proceedings of the emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting; 2004 October 5-6; Romulus, MI. FHTET 2004-15. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 15-16.
- Zhang, Yanzhou; Huang, Dawei; Zhao, Tonghai; Liu, Houping; Bauer, Leah S. 2005. Two New Species of Egg Parasitoids (Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae) of Wood-Boring Beetle Pests from China. Phytoparasitica. 53(3): 253-260.
- Bauer, Leah S.; Haack, Robert A.; Miller, Deborah L.; Liu, Houping; Petrice, Toby. 2004. Laboratory rearing of emerald ash borer. In: Mastro, Victor; Reardon, Richard, comps. Proceedings of the emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting; 2003 September 30 - October 1; Port Huron, MI. FHTET 2004-02. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 36-37.
- Bauer, Leah S.; Haack, Robert A.; Miller, Deborah L.; Petrice, Toby R.; Liu, Houping. 2004. Emerald ash borer life cycle. In: Mastro, Victor; Reardon, Richard, comps. Proceedings of the emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting; 2003 September 30 - October 1; Port Huron, MI. FHTET 2004-02. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 8.
- Bauer, Leah S.; Liu, Houping; Haack, Robert A.; Petrice, Toby R.; Miller, Deborah L. 2004. Natural enemies of emerald ash borer in southeastern Michigan. In: Mastro, Victor; Reardon, Richard, comps. Proceedings of the emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting; 2003 September 30 - October 1; Port Huron, MI. FHTET 2004-02. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 33-34.
- Bauer, Leah S.; Liu, Houping; Miller, Deborah L. 2004. Microbial control of the emerald ash borer. In: Mastro, Victor; Reardon, Richard, comps. Proceedings of the emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting; 2003 September 30 - October 1; Port Huron, MI. FHTET 2004-02. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 31-32.
- Bauer, Leah S.; Miller, Deborah L.; Taylor, Robin A.J.; Haack, Robert A. 2004. Flight potential of the emerald ash borer. In: Mastro, Victor; Reardon, Richard, comps. Proceedings of the emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting; 2003 September 30 - October 1; Port Huron, MI. FHTET 2004-02. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 9.
- Fleming, Mary R.; Janowiak, John J.; Kearns, Joseph; Shield, Jeffrey E.; Roy, Rustum; Agrawal, Dinesh K.; Bauer, Leah S.; Hoover, Kelli. 2004. Parameters for scale-up of lethal microwave treatment to eradicate cerambycid larvae infesting solid wood packing materials. Forest Products Journal. 54(7/8): 80-84.
- Haack, Robert A.; Petrice, Toby R.; Miller, Deborah L.; Bauer, Leah S.; Schiff, Nathan M. 2004. Host range of emerald ash borer. In: Mastro, Victor; Reardon, Richard, comps. Proceedings of the emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting; 2003 September 30 - October 1; Port Huron, MI. FHTET 2004-02. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 38.
- Smith, Jim; Haack, Bob; Bauer, Leah. 2004. Genetic analysis of emerald ash borer (Agrilus Planipennis Fairmaire) to determine point of origin in North American infestations. In: Mastro, Victor; Reardon, Richard, comps. Proceedings of the emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting; 2003 September 30 - October 1; Port Huron, MI. FHTET 2004-02. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 12.
- Liu, Houping; Bauer, Leah S.; Gao, Ruitong; Zhao, Tonghai; Petrice, Toby R.; Haack, Robert A. 2003. Exploratory survey for the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), and its natural enemies in China.. In The Great Lakes Entomologist 36:191-204.
- Liu, Houping; Petrice, Toby R.; Bauer, Leah S.; Haack, Robert A.; Gao, Ruitong; Zhao, Tonghai. 2003. Exploration for emerald ash borer in China. In: Mastro, Victor; Reardon, Richard, comps. Emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting; 2003 September 30 - October 1; Port Huron, MI. FHTET 2004-03. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 20.
- Poland, Therese M.; Haack, Robert A.; Bauer, Leah S.; Petrice, Toby R.; Miller, Deborah L.; Liu, Houping. 2003. Overview of Asian longhorned beetle research by the USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, in East Lansing, Michigan. In: Fosbroke, Sandra L. C.; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. 2002 January 15-18; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-300. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. p.75.
- Smith, Michael T.; Yang, Zhong-qi; Herard, Franck; Fuester, Roger; Bauer, Leah; Solter, Leellen; Keena, Melody; D'Amico, Vince. 2003. Biological control of Anoplohora glabripennis Motsch.: a synthesis of current research programs. In: Fosbroke, Sandra L.C.; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. Proceedings, U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2002; 2002 January 15-18; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-300. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: 87-91.
- Loseva, Olga; Ibrahim, Mohamed; Candas, Mehmet; Koller, C. Noah; Bauer, Leah S.; Bulla, Lee A. Jr. 2002. Changes in protease activity and Cry3Aa toxin binding in the Colorado potato beetle: implications for insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 32: 567?577.
- Andresen, J.A.; McCullough, D.G.; Potter, B.E.; Koller, C.N.; Bauer, L.S.; Ramm, C. W. 2001. Effects of winter temperatures on gypsy moth egg masses in the Great Lakes region of the United States.. in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 110 (2001) 85-100.
- Hajek, Ann E.; Wheeler, Micheal M.; Eastburn, Callie C.; Bauer, Leah S. 2001. Storage of resting spores of the gypsy moth fungal pathogen, Entomophaga maimaiga. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 11: 637-647.
- Mccullough, Deborah C.; Bauer, Leah S. 2000. Bt: One Option for Gypsy Moth Management. Ext. Bull. E-2724, Michigan State University Extension, East Lansing, MI. 4 p.
- Wu, Sheng-Jiun; Koller, Noah C.; Miller, Deborah L.; Bauer, Leah S.; Dean, Donald H. 2000. Enhanced toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3A 8-endotoxin in coleopterans by mutagenesis in recetor binding loop. Federationof European Biochemical Societies (FEBS Letters). 473: 227-232.
- Bauer, Leah S. 1999. Gypsy moths get sick too!. Forest Service North Central Resesearch Station. p. 2-3. (1999)
- Bauer, Leah S.; Miller, Deborah L.; Maddox, Joseph V.; McManus, Michael L. 1998. Interaction between a Nosema sp. (Microspora: Nosematidae) and Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Infecting the Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)1. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. Vol. 74 no.1.:p. 147-153. (1998)
- Federici, Brian A.; Bauer, Leah S. 1998. Cyt1Aa protein of Bacillus thuringiensis is toxic to the Cottonwood Leaf Beetle, Chrysomela scripta, and suppresses high levels of resistance to Cry3Aa. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 64(11): 4368-4371.
- Hajek, A. E.; Bauer, L.; McManus, M. L.; Wheeler, M. M. 1998. Distribution of resting spores of the Lymantria dispar pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga in soil and on bark. BioControl 43:189-200
- Park, Hyun-woo; Ge, Baoxue; Bauer, Leah S.; Federici, Brian A. 1998. Optimization of Cry3A yields in Bacillus thuringiensis by use of sporulation-dependent promoters in combination with the STAB-SD mRNA sequence. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 64(10): 3932-3938.
- Bauer, Leah S. 1997. Fiber farming with insecticidal. Journal of Forestry 95(3):20-23
- Herms, Catherine Papp; McCullough, Deborah G.; Bauer, Leah S.; Haack, Robert A.; Dubois, Norman R. 1997. Susceptibility of the endangered Karner blue butterfly (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki used for gypsy moth suppression in Michigan. The Great Lakes Entomologist 30(4):125-141
- Herms, Catherine Papps; McCullough, Deborah G.; Bauer, Leah S.; Haack, Robert A. 1996. Laboratory rearing of Lycaeides melissa samuelis (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), an endangered butterfly in Michigan. The Great Lakes Entomologist 29(2):63-75
- Bauer, Leah S. 1995. Resistance: a threat to the insecticidal crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis. Florida Entolomogist. 78(3): 414-443.
- Koller, C. Noah; Bauer, Leah S.; Hollingworth, Robert M. 1995. A method for in Vivo radiolabeling Bacillus thuringiensis native δ-endotoxin crystals. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 66:90-91
- Smitley, D. R.; Bauer, L. S.; Hajek, A. E.; Sapio, F. J.; Humber, R. A. 1995. Introduction and establishment of Entomophaga maimaiga, a fungal pathogen of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Michigan. Environmental Entomology 24(6):1685-1695
- Bauer, Leah S.; Pankratz, Stuart H. 1993. Nosema scripta N. Sp. (Microsporida: Nosematidae), a Microsporidian Parasite of the Cottonwood Leaf Beetle, Chrysomela scripta (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)1. J. EuK. Microbiol. Vol. 40 no. 2.:p. 135-141. (1993)
- Bauer, Leah S. 1992. Response of the Imported Willow Leaf Beetle to Bacillus thuringiensis var. san diego on Poplar Willow1. Journal of Ivertebrate Pathology. Vol. 59 no. 1.:p. 330-331. (1992)
- Bauer, Leah S.; Pankratz, Stuart H. 1992. Ultrastructural Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. san diego on Midgut Cells of the Cottonwood Leaf Beetle1. Journal of Inverterbrate Pathology. Vol. 60 no. 1.:p. 15-25 (1992)
- Koller, C. N.; Bauer, L. S.; Hollingworth, R. M. 1992. Characterization of the pH-Mediated solubility of Bacillus thuringiensis var. san diego native δ-endotoxin crystals. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 184(2):692-699
- Bauer, L. S.; McManus, M.; Maddox, J. 1991. Interactions between nuclear polyhedrosis virus and Nosema sp. infecting gypsy moth. IN: Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Twery, Mark J.; Smith, Shirley I., eds. Proceedings, U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency gypsy moth research review 1990; East Windsor, CT. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-146. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station: 76.
- Bauer, Leah S. 1990. Response of the Cottonwood Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis var. san diego. Environmental Entomology 19(2):428-431
- Bauer, Leah S.; Meerschaert, Joann; Forrester, Thomas O. 1989. An Artificial Diet for Cottonwood and Imported Williow leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Comparative Performance on Poplar Foliage1,2. J. Entomol. Sci. Vol. 25 no. 3.:p. 475-480
- Bauer, Leah S.; Nordin, Gerald L. 1989. Response of Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Infected with Nosema fumiferanae (Microsporida) to Bacillus thuringiensis Treatments. Environmental Entomology. Vol. 18. no. 5.:p. 816-821.
- Bauer, Leah S.; Nordin, Gerald L. 1989. Effects of Nosema fumiferanae (Microsporida) on Fecundity, Fertility, and Progeny Performance of Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Environmental Entomology. Vol. 18 no. 2.:p. 261-265.
- Bauer, Leah S.; Nordin, Gerald L. 1989. Response of Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Infected with Nosema fumiferanae (Microsporida) to Bacillus thuringiensis Treatments. Environmental Entomology. Vol. 18. no. 5.:p. 816-821.
- Bauer, Leah S.; Nordin, G.L. 1988. Nutritional pyhsiology of the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, infected with Nosema fumiferanae, and interactions with dietary nitrogen. Oecologia. Vol. 77. no. 1. (1988).:p.44-50.
- Bauer, Leah S.; Nordin, Gerald L. 1988. Pathogenicity Of Nosema fumiferanae (Thomson) (Microsporida) In Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura Fumiferana (Clemens), And Implications Of Diapause Conditions. The Canadian Entomologist. Vol. 120(1988).:p.221-229
- Lorimer, Nancy; Bauer, Leah S. 1983. Spruce budworm weight and fecundity: means, frequency distributions, and correlations for two populations (Lepidoptera: tortricidae). The Great Lakes Entomologist 16(4):153-156
- Lorimer, Nancy; Bauer, Leah S. 1983. Reproductive compatibility within and among spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: tortricidae) populations. The Great Lakes Entomologist 16(4):149-152
- Bauer, L.S.; Granett, J. 1979. The black flies of Maine. Tech. Bull. 95. Orono, ME: Maine Life Sciences and Agriculture Experiment Station. 18 p.
- Snoddy, Edward L.; Bauer, Leah S. 1978. Simulium (Phosterodoros) penobscotensis, a new species of black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Maine, U.S.A.. Journal of Medical Entomology. 14(5): 579-581.
- May, Bernie; Bauer, Leah S.; Vadas, Robert L.; Granett, Jeffrey. 1977. Biochemical genetic variation in the Family Simuliidae: electrophoretic identification of the human biter in the isomorphic Simulium jenningsi group. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 70(5): 637-640.
Other Publications
- USDA-APHIS/ARS/FS. 2019. Emerald Ash Borer Biological Control Release and Recovery Guidelines. USDA-APHIS-ARS-FS, Riverdale, Maryland. 65 p.:
National Research Highlights
Biocontrol of the Emerald Ash Borer pest improves outlook for ash trees in North America
Year: 2017
The invasion of forests by the emerald ash borer (EAB) has resulted in the death of hundreds of millions of ash trees throughout much of the U.S. Forest Service researchers are studying how effective biocontrol methods are in managing EAB populations in Michigan forests.
Emerald Ash Borer Biocontrol Benefits the Health of Young Ash Trees
Year: 2016
Forest Service research results from a multi-year study of ash trees in Michigan forests found that an introduced natural enemy of the emerald ash borer (EAB) contributed to the health and growth of young ash trees and could potentially lead to the repopulating forests decimated by EAB.
Guidelines for Release and Recovery of Emerald Ash Borer Biocontrol Agents
Year: 2015
Biological control is a sustainable and long-term management tool for invasive species and is now being used to control the emerald ash borer (EAB) in North America. Detailed information and instructions are available online to assist land manager participation in the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s EAB Biocontrol Program. Consequently, release of EAB biocontrol agents is ongoing in states, tribal lands, and provinces infested with EAB.
Mitigation of Invasive and High-Risk Wood-Boring Insects in China
Year: 2014
The number of accidental introductions of wood boring insect pests to U.S. forests from Asia has escalated dramatically during the last two decades due to increasing global trade and the use of solid-wood packaging materials. The high ecological and economic costs of these destructive tree pests, including the emerald ash borer and Asian longhorned beetle, highlight the importance of proactive research to predict, prevent, and respond to introductions of these and similar invasive woodborers.
A suite of Introduced and Native Enemies Reduces Populations of the Emerald Ash Borer
Year: 2014
Originally from Asia, the emerald ash borer (EAB) is an invasive wood-boring beetle that attacks and kills ash trees in the United States. The long-term and sustainable management of this destructive pest involves the release of specialized insect natural enemies from Asia into our EAB-infested forests. At study sites in Michigan forests, Forest Service scientists and their research partners have found a suite of introduced and native natural enemies working in tandem to reduce populations of emerald ash borer.
Natural Enemies of Emerald Ash Borer are Fighting the Good Fight in North America
Year: 2013
The emerald ash borer (EAB) continues to sweep across the North American landscape, leaving dead and dying ash trees in its wake. To reduce populations of this tree-killing beetle, Forest Service research entomologists have been releasing specific natural enemies from Asia into EAB-infested forests of North America. These natural enemies are tiny beneficial insects that eat EAB eggs and larvae. The scientists found these natural enemies have established and spread to new areas during the last five years, working to help our forests recover from the EAB invasion.
Emerald Ash Borer Natural Enemies Becoming Established in the United States
Year: 2012
Optimism increasing for long-term management of the emerald ash borer