Scientists & Staff
Warren E. Heilman
Current Research
My current research is focused on (1) developing new predictive tools for fire-weather, fire behavior, and air quality in support of the Forest Service's Fire and Fuels R&D Strategy, (2) examining fire-fuel-atmosphere interactions, turbulence regimes, and local dispersion of smoke during wildland fire events, and (3) examining the effects of climate variability and landscape change on fire-weather patterns over the U.S.
Research Interests
In support of the Forest Service's Fire and Fuels R&D Strategy and the new Northern Station's priority research themes, my future research ideas include an examination of- atmospheric turbulence processes involved in extreme fire behavior,
- the dynamics of pollutant formation and transport in the vicinity of wildland and prescribed fires, and
- the interacting effects of regional climate change/variability, landscape change, and pollutant emissions on forest health in the Great Lakes region.
Past Research
- Remote Sensing of Canopy Temperatures
- Atmospheric Turbulence Modeling over Complex Terrain and Vegetated Surfaces
- Integration of Improved Deposition Velocity, Aerosol Coagulation, and Intefacial Volume Chemical Flux Parameterizations within EPA's Air Quality Models
- Synoptic Circulation, Temperature, and Moisture Patterns Associated with Wildland Fires
- Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Dynamics in the Vicinity of Wildland Fires
- Climate and Air Quality Conditions in the Ozark-Ouachita Highlands Region of Southern Missouri, Arkansas, and Eastern Oklahoma
- Development of Online Climate Variability and Atmospheric-Related Disturbance Information Systems for Natural Resource Managers
- Impacts of Greenhouse Gases on Forest Microclimates
- Ozone Pollution in the North Central and Northeastern U.S.: Current and Future Landscape Change Impacts on Ozone Risk to Forests
Why This Research is Important
This research is important because it- increases our fundamental understanding of how the atmosphere interacts with forest and rangeland ecosystems,
- increases our understanding of those atmospheric processes that impact disturbance frequency and severity, and
- lays the foundation for the development of new predictive tools to anticipate weather and climate-related disturbances and their effects on ecosystem health and human health and safety.
Education
- Iowa State University, Ph.D. Meteorology, 1988
- Iowa State University, M.S. Meteorology, 1984
- South Dakota State University, B.S. Physics, 1979
Professional Experience
- Supervisory Research Meteorologist, USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station 2009 - Current
- Research Meteorologist, USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station 2007 - 2009
- Project Leader/Research Meteorologist, USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station 1993 - 2007
- Acting Project Leader/Research Meteorologist, USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station 1992 - 1993
- Research Meteorologist, USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station 1990 - 1992
- Research Scientist, Computer Sciences Corporation 1988 - 1989
- Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University 1985 - 1988
- Instructor, Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University 1984 - 1985
- Graduate Research and Teaching Assistant, Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University 1981 - 1984
- Graduate Teaching Assistant, Department of Physics, Iowa State University 1980 - 1981
- Research Assistant, Radiological and Environmental Research Division, Argonne National Laboratory 1980 - 1980
- Research Assistant, Remote Sensing Institute, South Dakota State University 1978 - 1980
- Research Assistant, Department of Physics, South Dakota State University 1979 - 1979
Professional Organizations
- American Geophysical Union (2009 - Current)
- International Association of Wildland Fire (2007 - Current)
- American Meteorological Society (1984 - Current)
- Sigma Pi Sigma (Society of Physics Students) (1978 - Current)
- National Fire Protection Association (1992 - 1997)
Featured Publications & Products
- Heilman, Warren E.; Bian, Xindi. 2010. Turbulent kinetic energy during wildfires in the north central and north-eastern US. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 19: 346-363.
- Clements, Craig B.; Zhong, Shiyuan; Goodrick, Scott; Li, Ju; Potter, Brian E.; Bian, Xindi; Heilman, Warren E.; Charney, Joseph J.; Perna, Ryan; Jang, Meongdo; Lee, Daegyun; Patel, Monica; Street, Susan; Aumann, Glenn. 2007. Observing the dynamics of Wildland grass fires: Fireflux - a field validation experiment. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 88:1369-1382.
- Kiefer, Michael T.; Heilman, Warren E.; Zhong, Shiyuan; Charney, Joseph J.; Bian, X.; Shadbolt, Ryan P.; Hom, John; Clark, Kenneth; Skowronski, Nicholas; Gallagher, Michael; Patterson, Matthew. 2011. Development of a fine scale smoke dispersion modeling system. Part II: Case study of a prescribed burn in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. In: Ninth symposium on fire and forest meteorology; 17-20 October 2011; Palm Springs, CA. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society. 5 p.
- Heilman, Warren E.; Hollinger, David Y.; Li, Xiuping; Bain, Xindi; Zhong, Shiyuan. 2010. Impact of revised and potential future albedo estimates on CCSM3 simulations of growing-season surface temperature fields for North America. Atmospheric Science Letters. DOI:10.1002/as.301.
- Heilman, Warren E.; Bian, Xindi. 2010. Climatic variability of a fire-weather index based on turbulent kinetic energy and the Haines Index. In: Proceedings of the 3rd fire behavior and fuels conference; 2010 October 25-29; Spokane, WA. Birmingham AL: International Association of Wildland Fire. 8 p. [On CD-ROM].
Publications & Products
- Kiefer, Michael T.; Heilman, Warren E.; Zhong, Shiyuan ; Charney, Joseph J.; Bian, Xindi ; Skowronski, Nicholas S.; Clark, Kenneth L.; Gallagher, Michael R.; Hom, John L.; Patterson, Matthew. 2022. Representing low-intensity fire sensible heat output in a mesoscale atmospheric model with a canopy submodel: a case study with ARPS-CANOPY (version 5.2.12). Geoscientific Model Development
- Kondo, Michelle C.; Reid, Colleen E.; Mockrin, Miranda H.; Heilman, Warren E.; Long, David. 2022. Socio-demographic and health vulnerability in prescribed-burn exposed versus unexposed counties near the National Forest System. Science of The Total Environment
- Liu, Yongqiang ; Heilman, Warren E.; Potter, Brian E.; Clements, Craig B.; Jackson, William A.; French, Nancy H. F.; Goodrick, Scott L.; Kochanski, Adam K.; Larkin, Narasimhan K.; Lahm, Peter W.; Brown, Timothy J.; Schwarz, Joshua P.; Strachan, Sara M.; Zhao, Fengjun. 2022. Smoke Plume Dynamics. In: Peterson, David L.; McCaffrey, Sarah M.; Patel-Weynand, Toral, eds. 2022. Wildland Fire Smoke in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
- Heilman, Warren E. 2021. Atmospheric turbulence in wildland fire environments: implications for fire behavior and smoke dispersion. Fire Management Today. 79(1): 24-29.
- Heilman, Warren E.; Banerjee, Tirtha ; Clements, Craig B.; Clark, Kenneth L.; Zhong, Shiyuan ; Bian, Xindi. 2021. Observations of Sweep-Ejection Dynamics for Heat and Momentum Fluxes during Wildland Fires in Forested and Grassland Environments. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
- Heilman, Warren E.; Clark, Kenneth L.; Bian, Xindi ; Charney, Joseph J.; Zhong, Shiyuan ; Skowronski, Nicholas S.; Gallagher, Michael R.; Patterson, Matthew. 2021. Turbulent Momentum Flux Behavior above a Fire Front in an Open-Canopied Forest. Atmosphere
- Banerjee, Tirtha ; Heilman, Warren ; Goodrick, Scott ; Hiers, J. Kevin; Linn, Rod. 2020. Effects of canopy midstory management and fuel moisture on wildfire behavior. Scientific Reports
- Bebieva, Yana ; Oliveto, Julia ; Quaife, Bryan ; Skowronski, Nicholas S.; Heilman, Warren E.; Speer, Kevin. 2020. Role of Horizontal Eddy Diffusivity within the Canopy on Fire Spread. Atmosphere
- Clark, Kenneth L.; Heilman, Warren E.; Skowronski, Nicholas S.; Gallagher, Michael R.; Mueller, Eric ; Hadden, Rory M.; Simeoni, Albert. 2020. Fire Behavior, Fuel Consumption, and Turbulence and Energy Exchange during Prescribed Fires in Pitch Pine Forests. Atmosphere
- Kiefer, Michael T.; Charney, Joseph J.; Zhong, Shiyuan ; Heilman, Warren E.; Bian, Xindi ; Mathewson, Timothy O. 2020. A Multiscale Numerical Modeling Study of Smoke Dispersion and the Ventilation Index in Southwestern Colorado. Atmosphere
- Zhong, Shiyuan ; Yu, Lejiang ; Heilman, Warren E.; Bian, Xindi ; Fromm, Hannah. 2020. Synoptic weather patterns for large wildfires in the northwestern United States—a climatological analysis using three classification methods. Theoretical and Applied Climatology
- Charney, Joseph J.; Kiefer, Michael T.; Zhong, Shiyuan ; Heilman, Warren E.; Nikolic, Jovanka ; Bian, Xindi ; Hom, John L.; Clark, Kenneth L.; Skowronski, Nicholas S.; Gallagher, Michael R.; Patterson, Matthew ; Liu, Yongqiang ; Hawley, Christie. 2019. Assessing Forest Canopy Impacts on Smoke Concentrations Using a Coupled Numerical Model. Atmosphere
- Clark, Kenneth ; Gallagher, Michael ; Skowronski, Nick ; Patterson, Matthew ; Heilman, Warren E.; Bian, Xindi ; Charney, Joseph J.; Hom, John ; Mueller, Eric ; Hadden, Rory ; Campbell-Lockrie, Zakary ; Walker-Ravena, Carlos ; Kremens, Robert. 2019. Intermediate-scale fire behavior measurements in the field: Bridging the gap between laboratory experiments and management-scale prescribed fires. In: Proceedings of the 6th Fire Behavior and Fuels Conference, April 29 - May 3, 2019, Albuquerque, New Mexico USA. Missoula, MT: International Association of Wildland Fire: 615-620.
- Clements, Craig B.; Kochanski, Adam K.; Seto, Daisuke ; Davis, Braniff ; Camacho, Christopher ; Lareau, Neil P.; Contezac, Jonathan ; Restaino, Joseph ; Heilman, Warren E.; Krueger, Steven K.; Butler, Bret ; Ottmar, Roger D.; Vihnanek, Robert ; Flynn, James ; Filippi, Jean-Baptiste ; Barboni, Toussaint ; Hall, Dianne E.; Mandel, Jan ; Jenkins, Mary Ann; O'Brien, Joseph ; Hornsby, Ben ; Teske, Casey. 2019. The FireFlux II experiment: a model-guided field experiment to improve understanding of fire-atmosphere interactions and fire spread. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 28: 308-326.
- Heilman Warren E., ; Clements Craig B., ; Zhong, Shiyuan ; Clark, Kenneth L.; Bian, Xindi. 2019. Atmospheric turbulence. In: Manzello, S.L., ed. Encyclopedia of wildfires and wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires. Cham, Switzerland: Springer: 1-17.
- Heilman, Warren E.; Bian, Xindi ; Clark, Kenneth L.; Zhong, Shiyuan. 2019. Observations of Turbulent Heat and Momentum Fluxes during Wildland Fires in Forested Environments. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
- Kiefer, Michael T.; Charney, Joseph J.; Zhong, Shiyuan ; Heilman, Warren E.; Bian, Xindi ; Hom, John L.; Patterson, Matthew. 2019. Evaluation of the Ventilation Index in Complex Terrain: A Dispersion Modeling Study. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
- Kondo, Michelle ; De Roos, Anneclaire ; White, Lauren ; Heilman, Warren ; Mockrin, Miranda ; Gross-Davis, Carol ; Burstyn, Igor. 2019. Meta-Analysis of Heterogeneity in the Effects of Wildfire Smoke Exposure on Respiratory Health in North America. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Nikolic, Jovanka ; Zhong, Shiyuan ; Pei, Lisi ; Bian, Xindi ; Heilman, Warren E.; Charney, Joseph J. 2019. Sensitivity of low-level jets to land-use and land-cover change over the continental U.S.. Atmosphere. 10(4): 174. 17 p.
- Kiefer, Michael T.; Zhong, Shiyuan ; Heilman, Warren E.; Charney, Joseph J.; Bian, Xindi. 2018. A Numerical Study of Atmospheric Perturbations Induced by Heat From a Wildland Fire: Sensitivity to Vertical Canopy Structure and Heat Source Strength. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
- Yu, Lejiang ; Zhong, Shiyuan ; Bian, Xindi ; Heilman, Warren E. 2018. The interannual variability of wind energy resources across China and its relationship to large-scale circulation changes. International Journal of Climatology
- Yu, Lejiang; Zhong, Shiyuan; Heilman, Warren E.; Bian, Xindi. 2018. Trends in seasonal warm anomalies across the contiguous United States: Contributions from natural climate variability. Scientific Reports. 8(1): 3435.
- Heilman, Warren E.; Bian, Xindi; Clark, Kenneth L.; Skowronski, Nicholas S.; Hom, John L.; Gallagher, Michael R. 2017. Atmospheric turbulence observations in the vicinity of surface fires in forested environments. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. 56(12): 3133-3150.
- Yu, Lejiang ; Heilman, Warren E.; Zhong, Shiyuan ; Bian, Xindi. 2017. Relationships of the symmetric and asymmetric components of ENSO to US extreme precipitation. Atmospheric Science Letters
- Yu, Lejiang; Zhong, Shiyuan; Heilman, Warren E.; Bian, Xindi. 2017. A comparison of the effects of El Niño and El Niño Modoki on subdaily extreme precipitation occurrences across the contiguous United States. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
- Zhong, Shiyuan; Yu, Lejiang; Winkler, Julie A.; Tang, Ying; Heilman, Warren E.; Bian, Xiandi. 2017. The impact of climate change on the characteristics of the frost-free season over the contiguous USA as projected by the NARCCAP model ensembles. Climate Research
- Clark, Kenneth L.; Gallagher, Michael; Heilman, Warren E.; Skowronski, Nicholas; Mueller, Eric; Simeoni, Albert. 2017. Relationships between firing pattern, fuel consumption, and turbulence and energy exchange during prescribed fires. In: Proceedings for the 5th international fire behavior and fuels conference; 2016 April 11-15; Portland OR. Missoula, MT: International Association of Wildland Fire: 144-149.
- Kiefer, Michael T.; Heilman, Warren E.; Zhong, Shiyuan; Charney, Joseph J. (Jay); Bian, Xindi (Randy). 2016. A study of the influence of forest gaps on fire-atmosphere interactions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 16(13): 8499-8509.
- Yu, Lejiang; Zhong, Shiyuan; Heilman, Warren E.; Bian, Xindi. 2016. The effect of two types of El Niño on the southerly low-level jets in North America. Earth and Space Science. 3. 12 p. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016EA000164.
- Yu, Lejiang; Zhong, Shiyuan; Pei, Lisi; Bian, Xindi (Randy); Heilman, Warren E. 2016. Contribution of large-scale circulation anomalies to changes in extreme precipitation frequency in the United States. Environmental Research Letters. 11(4): 044003.
- Heilman, Warren E.; Clements, Craig B.; Seto, Daisuke; Bian, Xindi; Clark, Kenneth L.; Skowronski, Nicholas S.; Hom, John L. 2015. Observations of fire-induced turbulence regimes during low-intensity wildland fires in forested environments: implications for smoke dispersion. Atmospheric Science Letters. doi: 10.1002/asl.581.
- Heilman, Warren E.; Tang, Ying; Luo, Lifeng; Zhong, Shiyuan; Winkler, Julie; Bian, Xindi. 2015. Potential climate change impacts on fire weather in the United States. Fire Management Today. 74(3): 22-27.
- Katurji, Marwan; Nikolic, Jovanka; Zhong, Shiyuan; Pratt, Scott; Yu, Lejiang; Heilman, Warren E. 2015. Application of a statistical emulator to fire emission modeling. Environmental Modelling & Software. 73: 254-259.
- Kiefer, Michael T.; Heilman, Warren E.; Zhong, Shiyuan; Charney, Joseph J.; Bian, Xindi. 2015. Mean and turbulent flow downstream of a low-intensity fire: influence of canopy and background atmospheric conditions. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. 54(1): 42-57.
- Tang, Ying; Zhong, Shiyuan; Luo, Lifeng; Bian, Xindi; Heilman, Warren E.; Winkler, Julie. 2015. The potential impact of regional climate change on fire weather in the United States. Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 105(1): 1-21.
- Yu, Lejiang; Zhong, Shiyuan; Bian, Xindi; Heilman, Warren E. 2015. Climatology and trend of wind power resources in China and its surrounding regions: a revisit using Climate Forecast System Reanalysis data. International Journal of Climatology, Vol. 36(5): 16 pages.: 2173-2188.
- Yu, Lejiang; Zhong, Shiyuan; Bian, Xindi; Heilman, Warren E. 2015. Temporal and spatial variability of wind resources in the United States as derived from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis. Journal of Climate. 28(3): 1166-1183.
- Clements, C.B.; Davis, B.; Seto, D.; Contezac, J.; Kochanski, A.; Fillipi, J.-B.; Lareau, N.; Barboni, B.; Butler, B.; Krueger, S.; Ottmar, R.; Vihnanek, R.; Heilman, W.E.; Flynn, J.; Jenkins, M.A.; Mandel, J.; Teske, C.; Jimenez, D.; O'Brien, J.; Lefer, B. 2014. Overview of the 2013 FireFlux II grass fire field experiment. In: Viegas, D.X., ed. Advances in Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal: Coimbra University Press: 392-400.
- Heilman, Warren; Liu, Yongqiang; Urbanski, Shawn; Kovalev, Vladimir; Mickler, Robert. 2014. Wildland fire emissions, carbon, and climate: Plume rise, atmospheric transport, and chemistry processes. Forest Ecology and Management. 317: 70-79.
- Kiefer, Michael T.; Heilman, Warren E.; Zhong, Shiyuan; Charney, Joseph J.; Bian, Xindi; Skowronski, Nicholas S.; Hom, John L.; Clark, Kenneth L.; Patterson, Matthew; Gallagher, Michael R. 2014. Multiscale simulation of a prescribed fire event in the New Jersey Pine Barrens using ARPS-CANOPY. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. 53: 793-812.
- Liu, Yongqiang; Goodrick, Scott; Heilman, Warren. 2014. Wildland fire emissions, carbon, and climate: Wildfire-climate interactions. Forest Ecology and Management. 317: 80-96.
- McKenzie, Donald; Shankar, Uma; Keane, Robert E.; Stavros, E. Natasha; Heilman, Warren E.; Fox, Douglas G.; Riebau, Allen C. 2014. Smoke consequences of new wildfire regimes driven by climate change. Earth's Future. 2. 10.1002/2013EF000180. 25 p.
- Pei, Lisi; Moore, Nathan; Zhong, Shiyuan; Luo, Lifeng; Hyndman, David W.; Heilman, Warren E.; Gao, Zhiqiu. 2014. WRF model sensitivity to land surface model and cumulus parameterization under short-term climate extremes over the southern Great Plains of the United States. Journal of Climate. 27(20): 7703-7724.
- Yu, Lejiang; Zhong, Shiyuan; Bian, Xindi; Heilman, Warren E.; Andresen, Jeffrey A. 2014. Temporal and spatial variability of frost-free seasons in the Great Lakes region of the United States. International Journal of Climatology. 34(13): 3499-3514.
- Heilman, Warren E.; Bain, Xindi. 2013. Climatic variability of near-surface turbulent kinetic energy over the United States: implications for fire-weather predications. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. 52(4): 753-772.
- Kiefer, M. T.; Zhong, S.; Heilman, W. E.; Charney, J. J.; Bian, X. 2013. Evaluation of an ARPS-based canopy flow modeling system for use in future operational smoke prediction efforts. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 118(12): 6175-6188.
- Luo, Lifeng; Tang, Ying; Zhong, Shiyuan; Bian, Xindi; Heilman, Warren E. 2013. Will future climate favor more erratic wildfires in the western United States?. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. 52(11): 2410-2417.
- Seto, Daisuke; Clements, Craig B.; Heilman, Warren E. 2013. Turbulence spectra measured during fire front passage. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 169: 195-210.
- Simpson, Colin C.; Katurji, Marwan; Kiefer, Michael T.; Zhong, Shiyuan; Charney, Joseph J.; Heilman, Warren E.; Bian, Xindi. 2013. Atmosphere-fire simulation of effects of low-level jets on pyro-convective plume dynamics. In: Piantadosi, J.; Anderssen, R.S.; Boland, J., eds. MODSIM2013, 20th International Congress on modelling and simulation; 2013 December 1-6; Adelaide, Australia. [Place of publication unknown]: Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand: 270-276.
- Yu, Lejiang; Zhong, Shiyuan; Bian, Xindi; Heilman, Warren E.; Charney, Joseph J. 2013. The interannual variability of the Haines Index over North America. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. 52(11): 2396-2409.
- Zhong, Shiyuan; Li, Xiuping; Bian, Xindi; Heilman, Warren E.; Leung, L. Ruby; Gustafson, William I. Jr. 2012. Evaluation of regional climate simulations over the Great Lakes region driven by three global data sets. Journal of Great Lakes Research. 38: 212-225.
- Auclair, Allan N.D.; Heilman, Warren E.; Brinkman, Blondel. 2010. Predicting forest dieback in Maine, USA: a simple model based on soil frost and drought. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 40(4): 687-702.
- Clark, Ken; Skowronski, Nicholas; Michael, Gallagher; Heilman, Warren E.; Hom, John. 2010. Fuel consumption and particulate emissions during fires in the New Jersey Pinelands. In: Proceedings of the 3rd fire behavior and fuels conference; 2010 October 25-29; Spokane, WA. Birmingham AL: International Association of Wildland Fire. 19 p. [On CD-ROM].
- Li, X.; Zhong, S.; Bian, X.; Heilman, W.E. 2010. Climate and climate variability of the wind power resources in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Journal of Geophysical Research. 115(D18107): 1-15.
- Clements, Craig B.; Zhong, Shiyuan; Goodrick, Scott; Li, Ju; Bian, Xindi; Heilman, Warren E.; Charney, Joseph J.; Perna, Ryan; Jang, Meongdo; Lee, Daegyun; Patel, Monica; Street, Susan; Aumann, Glenn. 2007. Observing The Dynamics Of Wildland Grass Fires: FireFlux -A Field Validation Experiment. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 88(9):1369-1382.
- Heilman, Warren E.; Bian, Xindi. 2007. Combining turbulent kinetic energy and Haines Index predictions for fire-weather assessments. In: Butler, Bret W.; Cook, Wayne, comps. The fire environment--innovations, management, and policy; conference proceedings. 26-30 March 2007; Destin, FL. Proceedings RMRS-P-46CD. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. CD-ROM. p. 159-172
- Karnosky, D. F.; Werner, H.; Holopainen, Percy T.; Oksanen, K.; Oksanen, T.E.; Heerdt, C.; Fabian, P.; Nagy, J.; Heilman, W.; Cox, R.; Nelson, N.; Matyssek, R. 2007. Free-air exposure systems to scale up ozone research to mature trees. Plant Biology. 9: 181-190.
- Percy, K.E.; Nosal, M.; Heilman, W.; Dann, T.; Sober, J.; Legge, A.H.; Karnosky, D.F. 2007. New exposure-based metric approach for evaluating O3 risk to North American aspen forests. Environmental Pollution. 147: 554-566.
- Clark, Kenneth; Skowronski, Nick; Pan, Yude; Van Tuyl, Steve; Heilman, Warren. 2006. Fire research in the pine barrens of New Jersey. In: Dickinson, Matthew B., ed. 2006. Fire in eastern oak forests: delivering science to land managers, proceedings of a conference; 2005 November 15-17; Columbus, OH. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-1. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 271.
- Kubiske, Mark E.; Quinn, Vanessa A.; Heilman, Warren E.; McDonald, Evan P.; Marquardt, Paula E.; Teclaw, Ron M.; Friend, Alexander L.; Karnosky, David F. 2006. Interannual climatic variation mediates elevated CO2 and O3 effects on forest growth. Global Change Biology
- Fast, Jerome D.; Heilman, Warren E. 2005. Simulated sensitivity of seasonal ozone exposure in the Great Lakes region to changes in anthropogenic emissions in the presence of interannual variability. Atmospheric Environment 39 (2005) 5291-5306
- Percy, K.; Nosal, M.; Heilman, W.; Dann, T.; Sober, J.; Karnosky, D. 2005. The North American ozone air quality standard: efficacy and performance with two northern hardwood forest tree species. In: Workshop, Critical levels of ozone: further applying and developing the flux-based concept. Obergurgl, Austria: Nov 15-19 2005: 7-12.
- Zhong, Shiyuan; In, Hee-Jin; Bian, Xindi; Charney, Joseph; Heilman, Warren; Potter, Brian. 2005. Evaluation of real-time high-resolution MM5 predictions over the Great Lakes region. Weather and Forecasting. 20: 63-81.
- Cook, Bruce D.; Davis, Kenneth J.; Wang, Weiguo; Desai, Ankur; Berger, Bradford W.; Teclaw, Ron M.; Martin, Jonathan G.; Bolstad, Paul V.; Bakwin, Peter S.; Yi, Chuixiang; Heilman, Warren. 2004. Carbon exchange and venting anomalies in an upland deciduous forest in northern Wisconsin, USA. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
- Charney, Joseph J.; Bian, Xindi; Potter, Brian E.; Heilman, Warren E. 2003. The role of a stratospheric intrusion in the evolution of the Double Trouble State Park wildfire .. In: 5th Symposium on fire and forest meteorology joint with 2nd International wildland fire ecology and fire management congress; 2003 November 16-20; Orlando, FL. Boston, MA: American Meteorlogical Society: n.p. Available only on CD.
- Charney, Joseph J.; Bian, Xindi; Potter, Brian E.; Heilman, Warren E. 2003. Low Level Impacts on Fire Evolution in the Mack Lake and Other Severe Wildfires. In: 2d International Wildland Fire Ecology and Fire Management Congress: 5th Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology; 2033 November 16-20; Orlando, FL. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society: 1.5.
- Charney, Joseph J.; Bian, Xindi; Potter, Brian E.; Heilman, Warren E. 2003. Mesoscale Simulations During the Double Trouble State Park Wildfire in East-Central New Jersey on June 2, 2002. In: Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Mesoscale Processes; 2003 June 23-27; Portland, OR. American Meteorological Society: n.p.
- Charney, Joseph J.; Bian, Xindi; Potter, Brian E.; Heilman, Warren E. 2003. Low level jet impacts on fire evolutions in the Mack Lake and other severe wildfires.. In: 5th Symposium on fire and forest meteorology joint with 2nd International wildland fire ecology and fire management congress; 2003 November 16-20; Orlando, FL. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society: n.p.
- Fast, Jerome D.; Heilman, Warren E. 2003. The Effect of Lake Temperatures and Emissions on Ozone Exposure in the Western Great Lakes Region. Journal of Applied Meteorology 42: 1197-1217
- Heilman, Warren E.; Bian, Xindi; Charney, Joseph J.; Potter, Brian E. 2003. Combining the Haines Index and turbulent kinetic energy for fire-weather predictions.. In: 5th Symposium on fire and forest meteorology joint with 2nd International wildland fire ecology and fire management congress; 2003 November 16-20; Orlando, FL. Boston, MA: American Meteorlogical Society: n.p. Available only on CD.
- Heilman, Warren E.; Bian, Xindi; Charney, Joseph J.; Potter, Brian E. 2003. National Fire Plan--Eastern Area Modeling Consortium: Research, product development, and partnerships.. In: 5th Symposium on fire and forest meteorology joint with 2nd International wildland fire ecology and fire management congress; 2003 November 16-20; Orlando, FL. Boston, MA: American Meteorlogical Society: n.p. Available only on CD.
- Karnosky, D. F.; Zak, D. R.; Pregitzer, K. S.; Awmack, C. S.; Bockheim, J. G.; Dickson, R. E.; Hendrey, G. R.; Host, G. E.; King, J. S.; Kopper, B. J.; Kruger, E. L.; Kubiske, M. E.; Lindroth, R. L.; Mattson, W. J.; McDonald, E. P.; Noormets, A.; Oksanen, E.; Parsons, W. F. J.; Percy, K. E.; Podila, G. K.; Riemenschneider, D. E.; Sharma, P.; Thakur, R.; Sôber, A.; Sôber, J.; Jones, W. S.; Anttonen, S.; Vapaavuori, E.; Mankovska, B.; Heilman, W.; Isebrands, J. G. 2003. Tropospheric 03 moderates responses of temperate hardwood forests to elevated CO2: a synthesis of molecular to ecosystem results from the Aspen FACE project. Functional Ecology 17:289-304
- Auclair, Allan N.D.; Heilman, Warren E.; Busalacchi, Peter. 2002. Monitoring the effects of extreme climate disturbances on forest health in the northeast U.S.. In: Third Symposium on Environmental Applications; 2002 January 13-17; Orlando, FL. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society.
- Dickson, R.E.; Lewin, K.F.; Isebrands, J.G.; Coleman, M.D.; Heilman, W.E.; Riemenschneider, D.E.; Sober, J.; Host, G.E.; Zak, D.R.; Hendrey, G.R.; Pregitzer, K.S.; Karnosky, D.F. 2000. Forest atmosphere carbon transfer and storage (FACTS-II) the aspen Free-air CO2 and O3 Enrichment (FACE) project: an overview.. General Technical Report NC-214. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station
- Heilman, Warren E.; Hom, John; Potter, Brian E. 2000. Climate and atmospheric deposition patterns and trends. In: Mickler, Robert A.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Hom, John, eds. Responses of northern U.S. forests to environmental change. Ecological studies 139. New York: Springer-Verlag: 51-115.
- Heilman, Warren E.; Zasada, John. 2000. Modeling the Atmospheric Dynamics within and Above Vegetation Layers. Seventh Symposium on Systems Analysis in Forest Resources. p. 261-268. (2000)
- Heilman, Warren E. 1999. Aquatic conditions. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, i999. Ozark-Ouachita Highlands Assessment: aquatic conditions. Report 3 of 5. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-33. Asheviile, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 317p.
- Hunt, Cliff F.; Heilman, Warren E. 1999. Chapter 2: particulate matter (PM10) in the air. In: ozark-Ouachita Highlands Assessment: air quality. Report 2 of 5. Gen. Tech. Rep. U.S. Department of Agriculture , Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 15-22. (1999)
- Hunt, Cliff F.; Heilman, Warren E. 1999. Chapter 5: Acid deposition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 1999. Ozark-Ouachita Highlands Assessment: air quality. Report 2 of 5. Gen. Tech. Rep. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 57 p.
- Haack, Robert A.; Therese, Poland M.; Heilman, Warren E. 1998. Using Historical Temperature Records To Adjust The Federal Quarantine Of The Pine Shoot Beetle. 13th Conf on Biometeorology & Aerobiology. p. 319-322. (1998)
- Heilman, Warren E. 1996. Overview of current research on atmospheric interactions with wildland fires. In: Hom, John; Birdsey, Richard; O'Brian, Kelly, eds. Proceedings 1995 meeting of the northern global change program; Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-214. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station: 192-195.
- Heilman, Warren E. 1996. Synoptic circulation and temperature pattern during severe wildland fires. In: Hom, John; Birdsey, Richard; O'Brian, Kelly, eds. Proceedings 1995 meeting of the northern global change program; Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-214. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station: 196.
- Heilman, W.E. 1994. Simulations of buoyancy-generated horizontal roll vortices over multiple heating lines. Forest Science. 40(4): 601-617.
- Heilman, W.E. 1992. Atmostpheric simulations of extreme surface heating episodes on simple hills. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 2(3): 99-114.
- Heilman, W.E.; Fast, J.D. 1992. Simulations of horizontal roll vortex development above lines of extreme surface heating. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 2(2): 55-68.
- Heilman, W.E.; Takle, E.S. 1991. Numerical simulation of the nocturnal turbulence characteristics over Rattlesnake Mountain. Journal of Applied Meteorology. 30: 1106-1116.
Other Publications
- Heilman, James L.; Heilman, Warren E.; Moore, Donald G.; 1981. Remote sensing of canopy temperature at incomplete cover. Agronomy Journal 73: 403-406.
- Sheih, Ching M.; Heilman, Warren E.; 1981. Preliminary investigations of pollutant distribution in a two-dimensional street canyon. Fifth Symposium on Turbulence, Diffusion, and Air Pollution, 9-13 March 1981, Atlanta, GA. American Meteorological Society. pp. 192-193.
- Heilman, James L.; Heilman, Warren E.; Moore, Donald G.; 1982. Evaluating the crop coefficient using spectral reflectance. Agronomy Journal 74: 967-971.
- Heilman, Warren E.; 1984. A one-dimensional numerical simulation of the boundary-layer features over a uniformly vegetated sloping surface. Masters Thesis, Iowa State University. 236 p.
- Heilman, Warren E.; Dobosy, Ronald; 1985. A nocturnal atmospheric drainage flow simulation investigating the application of one-dimensional modeling and current turbulence schemes. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology 24: 924-936.
- Heilman, Warren E.; 1986. Using PCDS to study the influence of UV flux variation on the middle atmosphere. Proceedings of the Second Pilot Climate Data System Workshop, 29-30 January 1986, Greenbelt, MD. NASA Conference Publication 2430, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. pp. 41-53.
- Heilman, Warren E.; 1988. Two-dimensional numerical simulations of the turbulence characteristics over Rattlesnake Mountain during stable and unstable conditions. Ph.D. Dissertation, Iowa State University. 135 p.
- Young, J. O., Aissa, M.; Boehm, T. L.; Coats, C. J.; Eichinger, J. R.; Grimes, D. J.; Hallyburton, S. W.; Heilman, W. E.; Olerud, D. T.; Roselle, S. J.; Van Meter, A. R.; Wayland R. A.; Pierce, T. E.; 1989. Development of the Regional Oxidant Model Version 2.1. Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 55 p.
- Pierce, T. E.; Schere, K. L.;Doll, D. C.; Heilman, W. E.; 1990. Evaluation of the Regional Oxidant Model (Version 2.1) using ambient and diagnostic simulations. Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 6 p.
- Heilman, Warren E.; Fast, Jerome D.; 1991. Two-dimensional numerical simulations of atmospheric conditions near lines of extreme surface heating. Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology, 16-19 April 1991, Missoula, MT. Society of American Foresters, Bethesda, MD. pp. 541-548.
National Research Highlights
Understanding Wind Gusts During Fire can Help Fire and Smoke Managers
Year: 2018
Wind fields in the vicinity of wildland fires can be highly variable or turbulent, exhibiting significant gusts that can lead to erratic fire behavior and enhanced mixing of smoke into the atmosphere. Northern Research Station scientists are examining the properties of turbulent circulations in forested wildland fire environments to ultimately improve predictive tools for fire and smoke management.
El Niño and El Niño Modoki impacts on extreme precipitation in the U.S.
Year: 2017
Many areas of the U.S. are vulnerable to socioeconomic disruptions caused by extreme precipitation and resulting floods, and there has been an increasing trend in both the frequency and particularly the intensity of extreme precipitation. Forest Service research is helping to identify the different extreme precipitation occurrence patterns resulting from episodes of eastern Pacific Ocean warming (El Niño) and central Pacific Ocean warming (El Niño Modoki).
The Influence of Forest Gaps on Fire-Atmosphere Interactions
Year: 2016
Model simulations have been used to examine how gaps in forest stands can affect the response of the atmosphere to low-intensity wildland fires occurring in those stands. The study provides insight into potential smoke dispersion and fire behavior during low-intensity prescribed fires in forested environments.
Unraveling the Mysteries of Fire-induced Weather
Year: 2015
Observational data and model simulations have been used by Forest Service scientists and their partners to examine turbulent circulations in the vicinity of wildland fires in forested and complex terrain environments. The research results improves scientists’ understanding of how fire-induced weather can affect fire behavior and smoke dispersion.
Potential Effects of Regional Climate Change on Fire Weather in the U.S.
Year: 2014
Regional climate change has the potential to alter the frequency of extreme and erratic wildfires in the United States. Regional climate model projections of future climate conditions in different regions of the U.S. can to identify areas where the atmospheric environment may be more or less conducive to extreme fire behavior.
Modeling Tool Improves Smoke Dispersion Predictions During Low-Intensity Fires
Year: 2013
Forest Service scientists developed a new modeling tool to improve predictions of local smoke transport during low-intensity wildland fires in forested environments. This modeling tool will help fire and forest managers in planning for prescribed fires to minimize adverse air-quality effects on residents and firefighters near wildfires.
Fireflux Experiments Improve Safety of Prescribed Burns in the New Jersey Pine Barrens
Year: 2011
Predicting the effects of smoke from low-intensity prescribed fires on local air-quality is being made easier by new tools developed by Forest Service scientists. These tools are now being validated through data collected from fuels, meteorological, and air quality monitoring networks set up near and within prescribed fires in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. The tools and observational data from this project help fire and forest managers in planning for prescribed burns to minimize adverse air-quality impacts in the vicinity of the burns.
Advancing Understanding of Atmospheric Interactions with Wildfires
Year: 2010
Through partnerships with San Jose State University, Michigan State University, and the Silas Little Experimental Forest, modeling and experimental research has led to an improved understanding of the role that air turbulence can play in affecting wildfires and smoke in different regions of the U.S.