Scientists & Staff
David Nowak
1 Forestry Drive, 5 Moon Library
News Releases
- Trees and Pavement are Testimony to the Lasting Effects of Housing DiscriminationApril 28, 2022
- Research Delivers Tool for Anticipating Effects, Benefits of River RestorationApril 14, 2020
- NYC Trees Creating Millions of Dollars in Benefits Annually for City ResidentsDecember 13, 2018
- Cities and Communities in the U.S. Losing 36 Million Trees a YearApril 18, 2018
- Growing Need for Urban Forests as Urban Land ExpandsMarch 14, 2018
- i-Tree 2018 Updates Provide an Even Closer Look at Benefits of Urban ForestsNovember 16, 2017
- Radical Change Projected for Northern Forests is Rooted in Past, Current ManagementMarch 8, 2016
- First national study finds trees saving lives, reducing respiratory problems: Air pollution modeling reveals broad-scale impacts of pollution removal by treesJuly 25, 2014
- Five Anthropogenic Factors That Will Radically Alter Northern Forests in 50 Years -
U.S. Forest Service Study Suggests Climate is Not the Only Factor Ushering in ChangeApril 17, 2014 - Forest Service Study Finds Urban Trees Removing Fine Particulate Air Pollution, Saving LivesJune 19, 2013
- Natural Regeneration Building Urban Forests, Altering Species CompositionAugust 21, 2012
- New Hampshire Leads Nation in Percent Tree Cover, Urban Tree Cover Highest in ConnecticutAugust 6, 2012
- Forest Service Studying Diversity, Size of Delaware's Urban ForestMay 22, 2012
- Study to Provide New Data on the Benefits of Philadelphia's Urban ForestMay 22, 2012
- Nation's urban forests losing ground: New Orleans, Albuquerque, Houston losing treesFebruary 23, 2012
- New Report Helps Sustain America's Urban Trees and ForestsSeptember 20, 2010
Current Research
The goal of my research program is to investigate what makes up the vegetation in cities and town and what environmental or ecosystem services this vegetation provides to local and regional populations. The research initiates field studies and develops computer models to assess the urban forest structure, functions, and values for urban areas across the globe. One of the research goals is to integrate urban forest ecosystem services (e.g., air quality improvement) within various environmental regulations (e.g., Clean Air Act). Tools are also being developed to aid in management and planning decisions to sustain urban forest health and services. Long-term monitoring programs are investigating how and why urban forest change through time so better management plans can be developed to sustain this important resource. Specific research projects include:
- Assessments of changes in urbanization and urban forest structure and functions nationally
- Local assessments of urban forest structure and functions: air pollution removal; carbon storage and sequestration; biogenic emissions; building of energy conservation; water flows and water quality; air temperatures
- Effects of urban forests on air and water quality, energy use and air temperatures nationally
- Long-term monitoring of urban vegetation locally and nationally (Urban Forest Inventory and Analysis Program)
- Development of i-Tree (www.itreetools.org) computer model to assess urban forest structure, function, and value
- Functional species selection program
Research Interests
Research interests focus on urban forest structure, health and change, and its effects on human health and environmental quality. Research is integrated with in the i-Tree modeling suite that quantifies the benefits and values from forests globally.Past Research
Assessment of Oakland's Urban Forest: First detailed assessment of a city's entire forest system and associated ecosystem services based on complete field sampling. (1989-1991).Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project: Expanded detailed assessment of urban forests and ecosystem services in the Chicago metropolitan region (2 counties). (1991-1994)
Development of Urban Forest Effects (UFORE) model: A standardized method of sampling of urban forests and methods of assessing ecosystem services was developed within a new model (UFORE) to aid in assessing and understanding urban forests. (1994-2004)
Urban Tree Effects on Ozone: A field and modelling study of urban tree effects on ozone concentrations along the Northeastern seaboard in the United States. (1998-2000)
National and Regional Effects of Urban Forests: National estimates of the magnitude of the U.S. urban forest resource and its impacts on air pollution removal, carbon storage and sequestration, and building energy use have been assessed and updated over the years. Also various threats to the urban forest at the national scale have been assessed. (2001-date)
National Urban Forest Health Monitoring: Helped lead a team that developed and tested field protocols and analyses techniques for assessing urban forests within a field plot inventory and monitoring program. Work from this project would be implemented within the current national urban forest inventory program in the United States. (2001-2013)
Development of i-Tree (www.itreetools.org): Numerous urban forest assessments of ecosystem services and values across the globe have been conducted using i-Tree Eco and other i-Tree tools. (2004-date)
Tree cover and cover change analyses: based on various field data and aerial assessments of urban area, research has been on-going on developing methods and quantifying change to urban forest structure and functions through time. (2004-date)
Why This Research is Important
As urbanization continues to alter our environment, the understanding and management of trees and forests in and around urban areas is essential to provide optimal forest services and values to current and future generations to sustain environmental quality, human health and human well-being.Education
- University of California, Berkeley, Ph.D. Urban Forestry, 1991
- SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, M.S. Urban Forestry, 1986
- SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, B.S. Forestry and Biology (dual degree), 1984
Professional Experience
- Senior Scientist / i-Tree Team Leader, USDA Forest Service 2016 - Current
- Project Leader / Research Forester, USDA Forest Service 1997 - 2016
- Research Forester, USDA Forest Service 1991 - 1997
- Forestry Technician, USDA Forest Service 1989 - 1991
Professional Organizations
- International Society of Arboriculture
- Society of American Foresters (SAF)
Awards & Recognition
- L.C. Chadwick Award for Arboricultural Research (ISA), 2015
- R.W. Harris Authors Citation (ISA), 2011
- J. Sterling Morton Award (Arbor Day Foundation) , 2010
- Research and Development Honor Award (US EPA), 2010
- New York State Arborists, ISA Chapter Research Award, 2009
- Trees Forever Special Recognition Award, 2009
- Chiefs Honor Award for Engaging Urban America (i-Tree Team), 2008
- Northern Research Station External Technology Transfer Award (Carbon Tools Development Group), 2008
- Contributing member of Noble Peace Prize winning Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007
- Northern Research Station External Technology Transfer Award (i-Tree team), 2007
- Distinguished Science Award for Northeastern Research Station, 2003
- Chiefs Award for Excellence in Technology Transfer (group award for Memorial Trees), 2003
- Chiefs Award for Excellence in Technology Transfer (group award for National Technology Transfer Te, 2003
- State of New Jersey Green Community Achievement Award Individual Category, 2002
- APHIS award for outstanding contribution to the Solid Wood Packing Materials, 1999
- American Forests Urban Forest Medal recognizing outstanding national contributions in urb.for. res., 1995
- Freidrich U. Klaehn Memorial Award (SUNY ESF), 1985
Featured Publications & Products
- Nowak, David J.; Hirabayashi, Satoshi; Bodine, Allison; Greenfield, Eric. 2014. Tree and forest effects on air quality and human health in the United States. Environmental Pollution. 193: 119-129.
- Nowak, David J.; Hirabayashi, Satoshi; Bodine, Allison; Hoehn, Robert. 2013. Modeled PM2.5 removal by trees in ten US cities and associated health effects. Environmental Pollution. 178: 395-402.
- Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J.; Hoehn, Robert E.; Lapoint, Elizabeth. 2013. Carbon storage and sequestration by trees in urban and community areas of the United States. Environmental Pollution. 178: 229-236.
- Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Tree and impervious cover in the United States. Landscape and Urban Planning. 107: 21-30.
- Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Tree and impervious cover change in U.S. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 11(1): 21-30.
- Nowak, David J.; Crane, Daniel E.; Stevens, Jack C.; Hoehn, Robert E.; Walton, Jeffrey T.; Bond, Jerry. 2008. A ground-based method of assessing urban forest structure and ecosystem services. Aboriculture & Urban Forestry. 34(6): 347-358.
- Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J. 2010. Evaluating the national land cover database tree canopy and impervious cover estimates across the conterminous United States: a comparison with photo-interpreted estimates. Environmental Management. 46(3): 378-390.
- Heath, Linda S.; Smith, James E.; Skog, Kenneth E.; Nowak, David J.; Woodall, Christopher W. 2011. Managed forest carbon estimates for the US greenhouse gas inventory, 1990-2008. Journal of Forestry. 109(3): 167-173.
- Nowak, David J.; Hoehn, Robert; Crane, Daniel E. 2007. Oxygen production by urban trees in the United States. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry. 33(3): 220-226.
- Nowak, David J. 1996. Estimating leaf area and leaf biomass of open-grown deciduous urban trees. Forest Science. 42(4): 504-507.
Publications & Products
- Cavender-Bares, Jeannine M.; Nelson, Erik ; Meireles, Jose Eduardo; Lasky, Jesse R.; Miteva, Daniela A.; Nowak, David J.; Pearse, William D.; Helmus, Matthew R.; Zanne, Amy E.; Fagan, William F.; Mihiar, Christopher ; Muller, Nicholas Z.; Kraft, Nathan J. B.; Polasky, Stephen. 2022. The hidden value of trees: Quantifying the ecosystem services of tree lineages and their major threats across the contiguous US. PLOS Sustainability and Transformation
- Domke, Grant M.; Walters, Brian F.; Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J.; Smith, James ; Nichols, Michael C.; Ogle, Stephen M.; Coulston, John W.; Wirth, Tom C. 2022. Greenhouse gas emissions and removals from forest land, woodlands, urban trees, and harvested wood products in the United States, 1990-2020. Resource Update FS-382. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
- Kovacs, Kent ; West, Grant ; Nowak, David J.; Haight, Robert G. 2022. Tree cover and property values in the United States: A national meta-analysis. Ecological Economics
- Meléndez-Ackerman, Elvia J.; Pérez, Mervin E.; Espinal, Ana B. Pou; Caballero, Claudia ; Cortés, Leonardo ; Bonilla-Duarte, Solhanlle ; Bauer, Gerald ; Martínez Guridy, José M.; Arendt, Wayne J.; Nowak, David J. 2022. A Social-Ecological Approach to Studying Variation in Urban Trees and Ecosystem Services in the National Municipal District of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities
- Nowak, David J.; Ellis, Alexis ; Greenfield, Eric J. 2022. The disparity in tree cover and ecosystem service values among redlining classes in the United States. Landscape and Urban Planning
- Nowak, David; Greenfield, Eric ; Ellis, Alexis. 2022. Assessing Urban Forest Threats across the Conterminous United States. Journal of Forestry
- Nyelele, Charity ; Kroll, Charles N.; Nowak, David J. 2022. A comparison of tree planting prioritization frameworks: i-Tree Landscape versus spatial decision support tool. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
- Ramon, Mauro ; Ribeiro, Andreza Portella; Theophilo, Carolina Yume Sawamura; Moreira, Edson Gonçalves; de Camargo, Plínio Barbosa; de Bragança Pereira, Carlos Alberto; Saraiva, Erlandson Ferreira; dos Reis Tavares, Armando ; Dias, Antonio Guerner; Nowak, David ; Ferreira, Maurício Lamano. 2022. Assessment of four urban forest as environmental indicator of air quality: a study in a brazilian megacity. Urban Ecosystems
- Selbig, William R.; Loheide, Steven P.; Shuster, William ; Scharenbroch, Bryant C.; Coville, Robert C.; Kruegler, James ; Avery, William ; Haefner, Ralph ; Nowak, David. 2022. Quantifying the stormwater runoff volume reduction benefits of urban street tree canopy. Science of The Total Environment
- Sinha, Paramita ; Coville, Robert C.; Hirabayashi, Satoshi ; Lim, Brian ; Endreny, Theodore A.; Nowak, David J. 2022. Variation in estimates of heat-related mortality reduction due to tree cover in U.S. cities. Journal of Environmental Management
- Sonti, Nancy F.; Groffman, Peter M.; Nowak, David J.; Henning, Jason G.; Avolio, Meghan L.; Rosi, Emma J. 2022. Urban net primary production: Concepts, field methods, and Baltimore, Maryland, USA case study. Ecological Applications
- Cole, Jason ; Nowak, David; Greenfield, Eric J. 2021. Potential Hurricane Wind Risk to US Rural and Urban Forests. Journal of Forestry
- Domke, Grant M.; Walters, Brian F.; Nowak, David J.; Smith, James ; Nichols, Michael C.; Ogle, Stephen M.; Coulston, J.W. ; Wirth, T.C. 2021. Greenhouse gas emissions and removals from forest land, woodlands, and urban trees in the United States, 1990-2019. Resource Update FS-307. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 5 p. [plus 2 appendixes].
- Edgar, Christopher ; Nowak, David ; Majewsky, Mark ; Lister, Tonya ; Westfall, James ; Sonti, Nancy F. 2021. Strategic National Urban Forest Inventory for the United States. Journal of Forestry
- Lin, Jian ; Kroll, Charles N.; Nowak, David J. 2021. An uncertainty framework for i-Tree eco: A comparative study of 15 cities across the United States. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
- McDonald, Robert I; Biswas, Tanushree ; Sachar, Cedilla ; Housman, Ian ; Boucher, Timothy M.; Balk, Deborah ; Nowak, David ; Spotswood, Erica ; Stanley, Charlotte K.; Leyk, Stefan. 2021. The tree cover and temperature disparity in US urbanized areas: Quantifying the association with income across 5,723 communities. PLOS ONE
- Nowak, David ; Greenfield, Eric ; Ellis, Alexis. 2021. Climate change and urban forests report and tools. Washington, DC: American Forests. 93 p.
- Nowak, David J. 2021. Understanding i-Tree: 2021 summary of programs and methods. General Technical Report NRS-200-2021. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 100 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Ogren, Thomas L. 2021. Variations in urban forest allergy potential among cities and land uses. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
- Pace, Rocco ; De Fino, Francesco ; Rahman, Mohammad A.; Pauleit, Stephan ; Nowak, David J.; Grote, Rüdiger. 2021. A single tree model to consistently simulate cooling, shading, and pollution uptake of urban trees. International Journal of Biometeorology
- Pace, Rocco ; Guidolotti, Gabriele ; Baldacchini, Chiara ; Pallozzi, Emanuele ; Grote, Rüdiger ; Nowak, David J.; Calfapietra, Carlo. 2021. Comparing i-Tree Eco Estimates of Particulate Matter Deposition with Leaf and Canopy Measurements in an Urban Mediterranean Holm Oak Forest. Environmental Science & Technology
- Selmi, Wissal ; Selmi, Slaheddine ; Teller, Jacques ; Weber, Christiane ; Rivière, Emmanuel ; Nowak, David J. 2021. Prioritizing the provision of urban ecosystem services in deprived areas, a question of environmental justice. Ambio
- Sinha, Paramita ; Coville, Robert C.; Hirabayashi, Satoshi ; Lim, Brian ; Endreny, Theodore A.; Nowak, David J. 2021. Modeling lives saved from extreme heat by urban tree cover. Ecological Modelling
- Sonti, Nancy Falxa; Henning, Jason G.; Yesilonis, Ian D.; Hoehn, Robert E.; Nowak, David J. 2021. Baltimore's Urban Forest, 1999-2014. Resour. Bull. NRS-124. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 38 p.
- Abdi, Reza ; Endreny, Theodore ; Nowak, David. 2020. A model to integrate urban river thermal cooling in river restoration. Journal of Environmental Management
- Abdi, Reza ; Endreny, Theodore ; Nowak, David. 2020. i-Tree cool river: An open source, freeware tool to simulate river water temperature coupled with HEC-RAS. MethodsX
- Coville Robert, ; Endreny, Ted ; Nowak, David J. 2020. Modeling the impact of urban trees on hydrology. In: Levia, D.; Carlyle-Moses, D.; Iida, S.; Michalzik, B.; Nanko, K.; Tischer, A., eds. Forest-water interactions. Cham, Switzerland: Springer: 459-487. Chapter 19.
- Domke, Grant M.; Walters, Brian F.; Nowak, David J.; Smith, James ; Ogle, Stephen M.; Coulston, J.W. ; Wirth, T.C. 2020. Greenhouse gas emissions and removals from forest land, woodlands, and urban trees in the United States, 1990-2018. Resource Update FS-227. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 5 p.
- Endreny, Theodore ; Sica, Francesco ; Nowak, David. 2020. Tree Cover Is Unevenly Distributed Across Cities Globally, With Lowest Levels Near Highway Pollution Sources. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities
- Lin, Jian ; Kroll, Charles N.; Nowak, David J. 2020. Ecosystem service-based sensitivity analyses of i-Tree Eco. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry
- Morgenroth, Justin ; Nowak, David J.; Koeser, Andrew K. 2020. DBH Distributions in America's Urban Forests—An Overview of Structural Diversity. Forests
- Nelson, Mark D.; Riitters, Kurt H.; Coulston, John W.; Domke, Grant M.; Greenfield, Eric J.; Langner, Linda L.; Nowak, David J.; O'Dea, Claire B.; Oswalt, Sonja N.; Reeves, Matthew C.; Wear, David N. 2020. Defining the United States land base: a technical document supporting the USDA Forest Service 2020 RPA assessment. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-191.
- Nowak, David. 2020. Taking stock: the first step to creating healthier cities with trees. Biophilic Cities Journal. June 2020: 22-27.
- Nowak, David .J.; Coville, Robert ; Endreny, Theodore ; Abdi, Reza ; Van Stan, John. 2020. Valuing urban tree impacts on precipitation partitioning. In: Van Stan, J., II; Gutmann, E.; Friesen, J., eds. Precipitation partitioning by vegetation: a global synthesis. Cham, Switzerland: Springer: 253-268.
- Nowak, David J. 2020. Understanding i-Tree: summary of programs and methods. General Technical Report NRS-200. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 100 p.
- Nowak, David J. 2020. Urban trees, air quality and human health. In: Gallis, Christos; Shin, Won Sop, eds. Forests for public health. Newcastle Upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing: 31-55.
- Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J. 2020. The increase of impervious cover and decrease of tree cover within urban areas globally (2012-2017). Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
- Volin, Elliott ; Ellis, Alexis ; Hirabayashi, Satoshi ; Maco, Scott ; Nowak, David J.; Parent, Jason ; Fahey, Robert T. 2020. Assessing macro-scale patterns in urban tree canopy and inequality. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
- Warnell, Katherine J.D.; Russell, Marc ; Rhodes, Charles ; Bagstad, Kenneth J.; Olander, Lydia P.; Nowak, David J.; Poudel, Rajendra ; Glynn, Pierre D.; Hass, Julie L.; Hirabayashi, Satoshi ; Ingram, Jane Carter; Matuszak, John ; Oleson, Kirsten L.L.; Posner, Stephen M.; Villa, Ferdinando. 2020. Testing ecosystem accounting in the United States: A case study for the Southeast. Ecosystem Services
- Westfall, James A.; Nowak, David J.; Henning, Jason G.; Lister, Tonya W.; Edgar, Christopher B.; Majewsky, Mark A.; Sonti, Nancy F. 2020. Crown width models for woody plant species growing in urban areas of the U.S.. Urban Ecosystems
- Domke, Grant M.; Walters, Brian F.; Nowak, David J.; Smith, James ; Ogle, Stephen M.; Coulston, John W. 2019. Greenhouse gas emissions and removals from forest land and urban trees in the United States, 1990-2017. Resource Update FS-178. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
- Elmes, Arthur ; Rogan, John ; Williams, Christopher ; Ratick, Samuel ; Nowak, David. 2019. Modeling the Potential Dispersal of Asian Longhorned Beetle Using Circuit Theory. The Professional Geographer
- Lin, Jian ; Kroll, Charles N.; Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J. 2019. A review of urban forest modeling: Implications for management and future research. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
- Nowak, David J. 2019. The atmospheric system: Air quality and greenhouse gases. In: Hall, M.H.P.; Balough, S.B., eds. Understanding Urban Ecology. Springer Nature Switzerland: 175-199.
- Nowak, David J.; Aevermann, Tim. 2019. Tree compensation rates: Compensating for the loss of future tree values. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
- Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J.; Ash, Ryan M. 2019. Annual biomass loss and potential value of urban tree waste in the United States. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
- Nyelele, Charity ; Kroll, Charles N.; Nowak, David J. 2019. Present and future ecosystem services of trees in the Bronx, NY. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
- Pérez, Mervin E.; Meléndez-Ackerman, Elvia; Bonilla, Solhanlle; Bauer, Gerald; Volcán, Mirel; Pou, Ana; Caballero, Claudia; Cortés, Leonardo; Arendt, Wayne; Munoz, Tischa A.; Nowak, David. 2019. Urban-Forest Assessment in the Dominican Republic. International Forestry Working Group Newsletter
- Steenberg, James W.N.; Millward, Andrew A.; Nowak, David J.; Robinson, Pamela J.; Smith, Sandra M. 2019. A social-ecological analysis of urban tree vulnerability for publicly-owned trees in a residential neighborhood. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry. 45(1): 9-23.
- Arroyave Maya, María Del Pilar; Posada Posada, Martha Isabel; Nowak, David ; Hoehn, Robert E. 2018. Remoción de contaminantes atmosféricos por el bosque urbano en el valle de Aburrá [Air pollution removal by the urban forest in the Aburra Valley]. Colombia forestal
- Coville, Robert ; Nowak, David J.; Atchison, Robert ; Stephan, Emily ; Taggart, Thomas ; Endreny, Theodore. 2018. Modeling tree cover effects in eight hydrological units of northeast Kansas. Manhattan, KS: Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. 58 p.
- Elmes, Arthur; Rogan, John; Roman, Lara A.; Williams, Christopher A.; Ratick, Samuel J.; Nowak, David J.; Martin, Deborah G. 2018. Predictors of mortality for juvenile trees in a residential urban-to-rural cohort in Worcester, MA. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 30: 138-151.
- Graça, Marisa; Alves, Paulo; Gonçalves, João; Nowak, David J.; Hoehn, Robert; Farinha-Marques, Paulo; Cunha, Mario. 2018. Assessing how green space types affect ecosystem services delivery in Porto, Portugal. Landscape and Urban Planning. 170: 195-208.
- Kim, Gunwoo ; Miller, Patrick A.; Nowak, David J. 2018. Urban vacant land typology: A tool for managing urban vacant land. Sustainable Cities and Society
- Nowak, D.J. 2018. Improving city forests through assessment, modelling and monitoring. Unasylva. 69(1): 30-36.
- Nowak, David J. 2018. Quantifying and valuing the role of trees and forests on environmental quality and human health. In: van den Bosch, M.; Bird, W., eds. Nature and Public Health. Oxford textbook of nature and public health. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press: 312-316. Chapter 10.4.
- Nowak, David J.; Bodine, Allison R.; Hoehn, Robert E.; Ellis, Alexis ; Hirabayashi, Satoshi ; Coville, Robert ; Auyeung, D.S. Novem; Sonti, Nancy Falxa; Hallett, Richard A.; Johnson, Michelle L.; Stephan, Emily ; Taggart, Tom ; Endreny, Ted. 2018. The urban forest of New York City. Resource Bulletin NRS-117. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 82 p
- Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J. 2018. Declining urban and community tree cover in the United States. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
- Nowak, David J.; Hirabayashi, Satoshi; Doyle, Marlene; McGovern, Mark; Pasher, Jon. 2018. Air pollution removal by urban forests in Canada and its effect on air quality and human health. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
- Nowak, David J.; Maco, Scott ; Binkley, Mike. 2018. i-Tree: Global tools to assess tree benefits and risks to improve forest management. Arboricultural Consultant. 51(4): 10-13.
- Nowak, David J.; Van Den Bosch, Matilda. 2018. Les effets des arbres et de la forêt sur la qualité de l'air et la santé humaine dans et autour des zones urbaines [Tree and forest effects on air quality and human health]. Revue Forestière Française
- Nowak, David J; Greenfield, Eric J. 2018. US Urban Forest Statistics, Values, and Projections. Journal of Forestry. 116(2): 164-177.
- Bodnaruk, E.W.; Kroll, C.N.; Yang, Y.; Hirabayashi, S.; Nowak, David; Endreny, T.A. 2017. Where to plant urban trees? A spatially explicit methodology to explore ecosystem service tradeoffs. Landscape and Urban Planning. 157: 457-467.
- Brandt, Leslie A.; Derby Lewis, Abigail; Scott, Lydia; Darling, Lindsay; Fahey, Robert T.; Iverson, Louis; Nowak, David J.; Bodine, Allison R.; Bell, Andrew; Still, Shannon; Butler, Patricia R.; Dierich, Andrea; Handler, Stephen D.; Janowiak, Maria K.; Matthews, Stephen N.; Miesbauer, Jason W.; Peters, Matthew; Prasad, Anantha; Shannon, P. Danielle; Stotz, Douglas; Swanston, Christopher W. 2017. Chicago Wilderness region urban forest vulnerability assessment and synthesis: a report from the Urban Forestry Climate Change Response Framework Chicago Wilderness pilot project. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-168. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 142 p.
- Elmes, Arthur; Rogan, John; Williams, Christopher; Ratick, Samuel; Nowak, David; Martin, Deborah. 2017. Effects of urban tree canopy loss on land surface temperature magnitude and timing. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
- Graça, Marisa S.; Gonçalves, João F.; Alves, Paulo J.M.; Nowak, David J.; Hoehn, Robert; Ellis, Alexis; Farinha-Marques, Paulo; Cunha, Mario. 2017. Assessing mismatches in ecosystem services proficiency across the urban fabric of Porto (Portugal): The influence of structural and socioeconomic variables. Ecosystem Services
- Nowak, David J. 2017. Urban forest sustainability in the United States. In: Ning, Z.; Nowak, D.; Watson, G., eds. Urban forest sustainability. Champaign, IL: International Society of Arboriculture. 2-11.
- Nowak, David J. 2017. Assessing the benefits and economic values of trees. In: Ferrini, Francesco; van den Bosch, Cecil C.K.; Fini, Alessio, eds. Routledge handbook of urban forestry. New York, NY: Routledge: 152-163. Chapter 11.
- Nowak, David J.; Appleton, Nathaniel; Ellis, Alexis; Greenfield, Eric. 2017. Residential building energy conservation and avoided power plant emissions by urban and community trees in the United States. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 21: 158-165.
- Nowak, David J.; Bodine, Allison R.; Hoehn, Robert E.; Edgar, Christopher B.; Riley, Gretchen; Hartel, Dudley R.; Dooley, Kerry J.; Stanton, Sharon M.; Hatfield, Mark A.; Brandeis, Thomas J.; Lister, Tonya W. 2017. Houston's Urban Forest, 2015. Resour. Bull. SRS-211. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station.
- Nowak, David J.; Bodine, Allison R.; Hoehn, Robert E.; Rideout, Richard ; Stoltman, Andrew ; Lorentz, Laura. 2017. Urban forests of Wisconsin, 2012. PUB-FR-615 2017. Madison, WI: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Forestry Division. 78 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Poudyal, Neelam C.; McNulty, Steve G. 2017. Forest ecosystem services: Carbon and air quality. General Technical Report SRS-226. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station.
- Steenberg, James W.N.; Millward, Andrew A.; Nowak, David J.; Robinson, Pamela J. 2017. A conceptual framework of urban forest ecosystem vulnerability. Environmental Reviews
- Alonzo, Michael; McFadden, Joseph P.; Nowak, David J.; Roberts, Dar A. 2016. Mapping urban forest structure and function using hyperspectral imagery and lidar data. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 17: 135-147.
- Calfapietra, Carlo; Morani, Arianna; Sgrigna, Gregorio; Di Giovanni, Sara; Muzzini, Valerio; Pallozzi, Emanuele; Guidolotti, Gabriele; Nowak, David; Fares, Silvano. 2016. Removal of Ozone by Urban and Peri-Urban Forests: Evidence from Laboratory, Field, and Modeling Approaches. Journal of Environment Quality. 45(1): 224-233.
- Hirabayashi, Satoshi; Nowak, David J. 2016. Comprehensive national database of tree effects on air quality and human health in the United States. Environmental Pollution. 215: 48-57.
- Jenerette, G. Darrel; Clarke, Lorraine W.; Avolio, Meghan L.; Pataki, Diane E.; Gillespie, Thomas W.; Pincetl, Stephanie; Nowak, Dave J.; Hutyra, Lucy R.; McHale, Melissa; McFadden, Joseph P.; Alonzo, Michael. 2016. Climate tolerances and trait choices shape continental patterns of urban tree biodiversity. Global Ecology and Biogeography
- Nowak, David. 2016. Urban Forests. In: Robertson, G.; Mason, A., eds. Assessing the sustainability of agricultural and urban forests in the United States. USDA Forest Service FS-1067, Washington, DC: 37-52.
- Nowak, David J. 2016. Urban metabolism in Syracuse, NY - introduction. Urban Ecosystems
- Nowak, David J.; Bodine, Allison R.; Hoehn, Robert E.; Edgar, Christopher B.; Hartel, Dudley R.; Lister, Tonya W.; Brandeis, Thomas J. 2016. Austin's Urban Forest, 2014. Resource Bulletin NRS-100. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 55 p. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/NRS-RB-100
- Nowak, David J.; Bodine, Allison R.; Hoehn, Robert; Ellis, Alexis; Low, Sarah C.; Roman, Lara A.; Henning, Jason G.; Stephan, Emily; Taggert, Tom; Endreny, Ted. 2016. The urban forests of Philadelphia. Resource Bulletin NRS-106. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 80 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J. 2016. Urban forests. In: Shifley, Stephen R.; Moser, W. Keith, eds. Future forests of the northern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-151. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 271-298. Chapter 10.
- Selmi, Wissal; Weber, Christiane; Riviere, Emmanuel; Blond, Nadege; Mehdi, Lotfi; Nowak, David. 2016. Air pollution removal by trees in public green spaces in Strasbourg city, France. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 17: 192-201.
- Steenberg, James W. N.; Millward, Andrew A.; Nowak, David J.; Robinson, Pamela J.; Ellis, Alexis. 2016. Forecasting Urban Forest Ecosystem Structure, Function, and Vulnerability. Environmental Management. 20 p. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-016-0782-3
- Swan, Christopher M.; Johnson, Anna; Nowak, David J.; Acosta, Alicia. 2016. Differential organization of taxonomic and functional diversity in an urban woody plant metacommunity. Applied Vegetation Science
- Yang, Yang ; Endreny, Theodore A.; Nowak, David J. 2016. Application of advection-diffusion routing model to flood wave propagation: A case study on Big Piney River, Missouri USA. Journal of Earth Science
- Elmqvist, T.; Setala, H.; Handel, S.N.; van der Ploeg, S.; Aronson, J.; Blignaut, J.N.; Gomez-Baggethun, E.; Nowak, D.J.; Kronenberg, J.; de Groot, R. 2015. Benefits of restoring ecosystem services in urban areas. Current Opinions in Environmental Sustainability. 14: 101-108.
- Heisler, Gordon; Ellis, Alexis; Nowak, David J.; Yesilonis, Ian. 2015. Modeling and imaging land-cover influences on air-temperature in and near Baltimore, MD. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 124(1-2): 497-515.
- Kim, Gunwoo; Miller, Patrick A.; Nowak, David J. 2015. Assessing urban vacant land ecosystem services: Urban vacant land as green infrastructure in the City of Roanoke, Virginia. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 14(3): 519-526.
- Nowak, David J. 2015. i-Tree and urban FIA—what's the connection?. In: Stanton, Sharon M.; Christensen, Glenn A., comps. 2015. Pushing boundaries: new directions in inventory techniques and applications: Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) symposium 2015. 2015 December 8-10; Portland, Oregon. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-931. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. p. 357.
- Nowak, David J.; Jovan, Sarah; Branquinho, Christina; Augusto, Sofia; Ribeiro, Manuel C.; Kretsch, Conor E. 2015. Biodiversity, air quality and human health. In: Connecting global priorities: biodiversity and human health: a state of knowledge review. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization: 63-74. Chapter 4.
- Nowak, David J.; Walton, Jeffrey T.; Baldwin, James; Bond, Jerry. 2015. Simple street tree sampling. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry. 41(6): 346-354.
- Steenberg, James W.N.; Millward, Andrew A.; Duinker, Peter N.; Nowak, David J.; Robinson, Pamela J. 2015. Neighbourhood-Scale Urban Forest Ecosystem Classification. Journal of Environmental Management
- Yang, Jun; La Sorte, Frank A.; Pysek, Petr; Yan, Pengbo; Nowak, David; McBride, Joe. 2015. The compositional similarity of urban forests among the world's cities is scale dependent. Global Ecology and Biogeography. 24(12): 1413-1423.
- Yang, Yang; Endreny, Theodore A.; Nowak, David J. 2015. Simulating the effect of flow path roughness to examine how green infrastructure restores urban runoff timing and magnitude. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 14(2): 361-367.
- Yang, Yang; Endreny, Theodore A.; Nowak, David J. 2015. Simulating double-peak hydrographs from single storms over mixed-use watersheds. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering. 20(11): 06015003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001225.
- Baldauf, Richard; Nowak, David J. 2014. Vegetation and other development options for mitigating urban air pollution impacts. In: Freedman, Bill, ed. Global environmental change. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer: 479-485.
- Baró, Francesc; Chaparro, Lydia; Gómez-Baggethun, Erik; Langemeyer, Johannes; Nowak, David J.; Terradas, Jaume. 2014. Contribution of ecosystem services to air quality and climate change mitigation policies: The case of urban forests in Barcelona, Spain. AMBIO. 43(4): 466-479.
- Brandeis, Thomas J.; Escobedo, Francisco J.; Staudhammer, Christina L.; Nowak, David J.; Zipperer, Wayne C. 2014. San Juan Bay Estuary watershed urban forest inventory. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-GTR-190. Asheville, NC: USDA-Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 44 p.
- Hoover, Coeli; Birdsey, Richard; Goines, Bruce; Lahm, Peter; Fan, Yongming; Nowak, David; Prisley, Stephen; Reinhardt, Elizabeth; Skog, Ken; Skole, David; Smith, James; Trettin, Carl; Woodall, Christopher. 2014. Chapter 6: quantifying greenhouse gas sources and sinks in managed forest systems. In: Eve, M.; Pape, D.; Flugge, M.; Steele, R.; Man, D.; Riley-Gilbert, M.; Biggar, S. Quantifying greenhouse gas fluxes in agriculture and forestry: Methods for entity-scale inventory. Tech. Bull. 1939. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Chief Economist: 6-1-6.114.
- Lerman, Susannah B.; Nislow, Keith H.; Nowak, David J.; DeStefano, Stephen; King, David I.; Jones-Farrand, D. Todd. 2014. Using urban forest assessment tools to model bird habitat potential. Landscape and Urban Planning. 122: 29-40.
- Morani, A.; Nowak, D.; Hirabayashi, S.; Guidolotti, G.; Medori, M.; Muzzini, V.; Fares, S.; Mugnozza, G. Scarascia; Calfapietra, C. 2014. Comparing i-Tree modeled ozone deposition with field measurements in a periurban Mediterranean forest. Environmental Pollution. 195: 202-209.
- Na, Hang Ryeol; Heisler, Gordon M.; Nowak, David J.; Grant, Richard H. 2014. Modeling of urban trees' effects on reducing human exposure to UV radiation in Seoul, Korea. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 13(4): 785-792.
- Nowak, David J. 2014. Urban tree effects on fine particulate matter and human health. Arborist News. April 2014: 64 -67.
- Nowak, David J.; Bodine, Allison R.; Hoehn, Robert E.; Ellis, Alexis; Bomberger, Kim; Crane, Daniel E.; Endreny, Theodore A.; Taggert, Thomas; Stephan, Emily. 2014. Assessing urban forest effects and values: Douglas County, Kansas. Resour. Bull. NRS-91. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 76 p.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Moser, W. Keith; Goerndt, Michael E.; Song, Nianfu; Nelson, Mark D.; Nowak, David J.; Miles, Patrick D.; Butler, Brett J.; DeSantis, Ryan D.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Tavernia, Brian G. 2014. Futures project anticipates changes and challenges facing forests of the northern United States. In: Groninger, John W.; Holzmueller, Eric J.; Nielsen, Clayton K.; Dey, Daniel C., eds. Proceedings, 19th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; 2014 March 10-12; Carbondale, IL. General Technical Report NRS-P-142. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 16-17.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Moser, W. Keith; Nowak, David J.; Miles, Patrick D.; Butler, Brett J.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; DeSantis, Ryan D.; Greenfield, Eric J. 2014. Five anthropogenic factors that will radically alter forest conditions and management needs in the Northern United States. Forest Science. 60(5): 914-925.
- Cabaraban, Maria Theresa I.; Kroll, Charles N.; Hirabayashi, Satoshi; Nowak, David J. 2013. Modeling of air pollutant removal by dry deposition to urban trees using a WRF/CMAQ/i-Tree Eco coupled system. Environmental Pollution. 176: 123-133.
- Greenfield, Eric J.; Nowak, David J. 2013. Tree cover and aridity projections to 2060: a technical document supporting the Forest Service 2010 RPA assessment. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-125. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 35 p.
- Nowak, David. 2013. A Guide to Assessing Urban Forests. NRS-INF-24-13 Revised. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Bodine, Allison R.; Hoehn, Robert E. III; Crane, Daniel E.; Ellis, Alexis; Endreny, Theodore A.; Yang, Yang; Jacobs, Tom; Shelton, Kassie. 2013. Assessing urban forest effects and values: the greater Kansas City region. Resour. Bull. NRS-75. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 72 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Hoehn, Robert E. III; Bodine, Allison R.; Crane, Daniel E.; Dwyer, John F.; Bonnewell, Veta; Watson, Gary. 2013. Urban trees and forests of the Chicago region. Resour. Bull. NRS-84. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 106 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Hoehn, Robert E. III; Bodine, Allison R.; Greenfield, Eric J.; Ellis, Alexis; Endreny, Theodore A.; Yang, Yang; Zhou, Tian; Henry, Ruthanne. 2013. Assessing urban forest effects and values: Toronto's urban forest. Resour. Bull. NRS-79. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 59 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Hoehn, Robert E.; Bodine, Allison R.; Greenfield, Eric J.; O'Neil-Dunne, Jarlath. 2013. Urban forest structure, ecosystem services and change in Syracuse, NY. Urban Ecosystems. [unpaginated]. doi:10.1007/s11252-013-0326-z
- Yang, Yang; Endreny, Theodore A.; Nowak, David J. 2013. A physically based analytical spatial air temperature and humidity model. Atmospheres. 118(18): 10,449-10,463.
- Driscoll, Charles T.; Lambert, Kathleen F.; Chapin, F. Stuart; Nowak, David J.; Spies, Thomas A.; Swanson, Frederick J.; Kittredge, David B.; Hart, Clarisse M. 2012. Science and society: the role of long-term studies in environmental stewardship. BioScience. 62(4): 354-366
- Hirabayashi, Satoshi; Kroll, Charles N.; Nowak, David J. 2012. Development of a distributed air pollutant dry deposition modeling framework. Environmental Pollution. 171: 9-17.
- Huebner, Cynthia D.; Nowak, David J.; Pouyat, Richard V.; Bodine, Allison R. 2012. Nonnative invasive plants: Maintaining biotic and soceioeconomic integrity along the urban-rural-natural gradient. In: Laband, D.N.; Lockaby, B.G.; Zipperer, W., eds. Urban-rural interfaces: linking people and nature. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America: 71-98.
- Nowak, David J. 2012. Contrasting natural regeneration and tree planting in fourteen North American cities. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 11(4): 374-382.
- Nowak, David J.; Cumming, Anne B.; Twardus, Daniel; Hoehn, Robert E.; Oswalt, Christopher M.; Brandeis, Thomas J. 2012. Urban forests of Tennessee, 2009. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-149. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 52 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Hoehn, Robert E. III; Crane, Daniel E.; Bodine, Allison R. 2012. Assessing urban forest effects and values of the Great Plains: Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota. Resour. Bull. NRS-71. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 75 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Hoehn, Robert E. III; Crane, Daniel E.; Stevens, Jack C.; Cumming, Jonathan; Mohen, Sandhya; Cumming, Anne Buckelew. 2012. Assessing urban forest effects and values: Morgantown's Urban Forest. Resour. Bull. NRS-70. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 25 p.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Song, Nianfu; Stewart, Susan I.; Nowak, David J.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Moser, W. Keith; Wormstead, Sherri; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Executive Summary: Forests of the Northern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-90 ES. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 40 p.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Song, Nianfu; Stewart, Susan I.; Nowak, David J.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Moser, W. Keith; Wormstead, Sherri; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Acknowledgments.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Song, Nianfu; Stewart, Susan I.; Nowak, David J.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Moser, W. Keith; Wormstead, Sherri; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Characteristics of sustainable forest management. In: Shifley, Stephen R.; et al. 2012. Forests of the Northern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-90. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 17-20.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Song, Nianfu; Stewart, Susan I.; Nowak, David J.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Moser, W. Keith; Wormstead, Sherri; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Forest conditions and trends in the northern United States. In: Shifley, Stephen R.; et al. 2012. Forests of the Northern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-90. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 25-134.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Song, Nianfu; Stewart, Susan I.; Nowak, David J.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Moser, W. Keith; Wormstead, Sherri; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Framing the issues affecting northern forests. In: Shifley, Stephen R.; et al. 2012. Forests of the Northern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-90. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 9-16.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Song, Nianfu; Stewart, Susan I.; Nowak, David J.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Moser, W. Keith; Wormstead, Sherri; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Introduction. In: Shifley, Stephen R.; et al. 2012. Forests of the Northern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-90. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 1-8.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Song, Nianfu; Stewart, Susan I.; Nowak, David J.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Moser, W. Keith; Wormstead, Sherri; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Criterion 5: Maintenance of forest contributions to global carbon cycles. In: Shifley, Stephen R.; et al. 2012. Forests of the Northern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-90. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 74-78.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Song, Nianfu; Stewart, Susan I.; Nowak, David J.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Moser, W. Keith; Wormstead, Sherri; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Summary and Synthesis. In: Shifley, Stephen R.; et al. 2012. Forests of the Northern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-90. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 135-156.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Song, Nianfu; Stewart, Susan I.; Nowak, David J.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Moser, W. Keith; Wormstead, Sherri; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Appendix.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Song, Nianfu; Stewart, Susan I.; Nowak, David J.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Moser, W. Keith; Wormstead, Sherri; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Glossary. In: Shifley, Stephen R.; et al. 2012. Forests of the Northern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-90. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 175-184.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Song, Nianfu; Stewart, Susan I.; Nowak, David J.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Moser, W. Keith; Wormstead, Sherri; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Criterion 8: Urban and community forests. In: Shifley, Stephen R.; et al. 2012. Forests of the Northern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-90. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 119-134.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Song, Nianfu; Stewart, Susan I.; Nowak, David J.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Moser, W. Keith; Wormstead, Sherri; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Forests of the Northern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-90. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 202 p.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Song, Nianfu; Stewart, Susan I.; Nowak, David J.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Moser, W. Keith; Wormstead, Sherri; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Criterion 1: Conservation of biological diversity. In: Shifley, Stephen R.; et al. 2012. Forests of the Northern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-90. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 27-39.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Song, Nianfu; Stewart, Susan I.; Nowak, David J.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Moser, W. Keith; Wormstead, Sherri; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Criterion 7: Legal, institutional, and economic framework for forest conservation and sustainable management. In: Shifley, Stephen R.; et al. 2012. Forests of the Northern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-90. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 105-118.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Song, Nianfu; Stewart, Susan I.; Nowak, David J.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Moser, W. Keith; Wormstead, Sherri; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Criterion 6: Maintenance and enhancement of long-term multiple socioeconomic benefits to meet the needs of societies. In: Shifley, Stephen R.; et al. 2012. Forests of the Northern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-90. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 79-105.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Song, Nianfu; Stewart, Susan I.; Nowak, David J.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Moser, W. Keith; Wormstead, Sherri; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Criterion 4: Conservation and maintenance of soil and water resources. In: Shifley, Stephen R.; et al. 2012. Forests of the Northern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-90. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 60-73.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Song, Nianfu; Stewart, Susan I.; Nowak, David J.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Moser, W. Keith; Wormstead, Sherri; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Strategies for sustainable forest management. In: Shifley, Stephen R.; et al. 2012. Forests of the Northern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-90. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 21-24.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Song, Nianfu; Stewart, Susan I.; Nowak, David J.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Moser, W. Keith; Wormstead, Sherri; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Criterion 2: Maintenance of productive capacity of forest ecosystems. In: Shifley, Stephen R.; et al. 2012. Forests of the Northern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-90. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 40-47.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Song, Nianfu; Stewart, Susan I.; Nowak, David J.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Moser, W. Keith; Wormstead, Sherri; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Literature Cited. In: Shifley, Stephen R.; et al. 2012. Forests of the Northern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-90. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 159-174.
- Shifley, Stephen R.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Song, Nianfu; Stewart, Susan I.; Nowak, David J.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Moser, W. Keith; Wormstead, Sherri; Greenfield, Eric J. 2012. Criterion 3: Maintenance of forest ecosystem health and vitality. In: Shifley, Stephen R.; et al. 2012. Forests of the Northern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-90. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 48-59.
- Wear, David N.; Joyce, Linda A.; Butler, Bret; Johnson, Cassandra; Stewart, Susan; Nowak, David. 2012. Climate change, human communities, and forests in rural, urban, and wildland-urban interface environments. In: Vose, James M.; Peterson, David L.; Patel-Weynand, Toral, eds. Effects of climatic variability and change on forest ecosystems: a comprehensive science synthesis for the U.S. forest sector. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-870. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station: 97-123. Chapter 3.
- Fierke, M.; Nowak, D.; Hofstetter, R. 2011. Seeing the forest for the trees: forest health monitoring. Chapter 10. In: Castello, John D.; Teale, Stephen A., eds. Forest Health: An Integrated Perspective. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press: 321-343.
- Hirabayashi, Satoshi; Kroll, Chuck; Nowak, David. 2011. Component-based development and sensitivity analyses of an air pollutant dry deposition model. Environmental Modeling and Software. 26:804-816.
- Morani, Arianna; Nowak, David J.; Hirabayashi, Satoshi; Calfapietra, Carlo. 2011. How to select the best tree planting locations to enhance air pollution removal in the MillionTreesNYC initiative. Environmental Pollution. 159: 1040-1047.
- Nowak, David J.; Hoehn, Robert E. III; Crane, Daniel E.; Weller, Lorraine; Davila, Antonio. 2011. Assessing urban forest effects and values, Los Angeles' urban forest. Resour. Bull. NRS-47. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 30 p.
- Yang, Yang; Endreny, Theodore A.; Nowak, David J. 2011. iTree-Hydro: Snow hydrology update for the urban forest hydrology model. Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 47(6): 1211-1218.
- Alig, Ralph; Stewart, Susan; Wear, David; Nowak, David. 2010. Conversions of forest land: trends, determinants, projections, and policy considerations. In: Pye, John M.; Rauscher, H. Michael; Sands, Yasmeen; Lee, Danny C.; Beatty, Jerome S., tech. eds. 2010. Advances in threat assessment and their application to forest and rangeland management. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-802. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest and Southern Research Stations: 1-26
- Fisher, Cherie LeBlanc; Nowak, David. 2010. UFORE (i-Tree Eco) Analysis of Chicago. IAA Newsletter. 25(1): 5,8-9.
- Nowak, D.J. 2010. Urban biodiversity and climate change. In: Urban Biodiversity and Design. Muller, N., Werner, P.; Kelcey, J.G., eds. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. Hoboken, NJ: 101-117.
- Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J. 2010. Urban and community forests of the Pacific region: California, Oregon, Washington. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-65. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 38 p. [Includes CD-ROM].
- Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J. 2010. Urban and community forests of the North Central East region: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-54. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 54 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J. 2010. Urban and community forests of the South Central West region: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-59. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 46 p. [Includes CD-ROM].
- Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J. 2010. Urban and community forests of the South Central East region: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-58. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 46 p. [Includes CD-ROM].
- Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J. 2010. Urban and community forests of the Mountain region: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-63. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 78 p. [Includes CD-ROM].
- Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J. 2010. Urban and community forests of the North Central West region: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-56. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 70 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Hoehn, Robert E. III; Crane, Daniel E.; Stevens, Jack C.; Cotrone, Vincent. 2010. Assessing urban forest effects and values, Scranton's urban forest. Resour. Bull. NRS-43. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 23 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Hoehn, Robert E. III; Crane, Daniel E.; Stevens, Jack C.; Fisher, Cherie Leblanc. 2010. Assessing urban forest effects and values, Chicago's urban forest. Resour. Bull. NRS-37. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 27 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Randler, Paula B.; Greenfield, Eric J.; Comas, Sara J.; Carr, Mary A.; Alig, Ralph J. 2010. Sustaining America's urban trees and forests: a Forests on the Edge report. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-62. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 27 p.
- Nowak, David; Heisler, Gordon. 2010. Air quality effects of urban trees and parks. Research Series Monograph. Ashburn, VA: National Recreation and Parks Association Research Series Monograph. 44 p.
- Woodall, C.J.; Nowak, D.J.; Liknes, G.C.; Westfall, J.A. 2010. Assessing the potential for urban trees to facilitate forest tree migration in the eastern United States. Forest Ecology and Managment. 259: 1447-1454.
- Escobedo, Francisco J.; Nowak, David J. 2009. Spatial heterogeneity and air pollution removal by an urban forest. Landscape and Urban Planning. 90: 102-11.
- Greenfield, Eric; Nowak, David J.; Walton, Jeffrey T. 2009. Assessment of 2001 NLCD percent tree and impervious cover estimates. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. 75(11): 1279-1286.
- Luley, Christopher ; Nowak, David; Greenfield, Eric. 2009. Frequency and severity of decay in street tree maples in four upstate New York cities Arboric. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry. 35(2): 94-99.
- Luley, Christopher J.; Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J. 2009. Decay, defects and condition of street trees in four Upstate New York cities. City Trees. March/April: 22-25.
- Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J. 2009. Urban and community forests of the Southern Atlantic region: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-50. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 85 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J. 2009. Urban and community forests of the Mid-Atlantic region: New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-47. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 38 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Hoehn, Robert E.; Wang, Jun; Lee, Andy; Krishnamurthy, Vikram; Schwetz, Gary. 2009. Urban forest assessment in northern Delaware. Resour. Bull. NRS-33. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 50.
- Cumming, Anne Buckelew; Twardus, Daniel B.; Hoehn, Robert; Nowak, David J.; Mielke, Manfred; Rideout, Richard; Butalla, Helen; Lebow, Patricia. 2008. Wisconsin street tree assessment, 2002-2003. NA-FR-02-08. Newtown Square, PA : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, 2008. 23 pages.
- Cumming, Anne Buckelew; Twardus, Daniel B.; Nowak, David J. 2008. Urban forest health monitoring: large-scale assessments in the United States. Aboriculture & Urban Forestry. 34(6): 341-346.
- Escobedo, Francisco J.; Wagner, John E.; Nowak, David J.; De la Maza, Carmen Luz; Rodriguez, Manuel; Crane, Daniel E. 2008. Analyzing the cost effectiveness of Santiago, Chile's policy of using urban forests to improve air quality. Journal of Environmental Management. 86: 148-157.
- Nowak, David J. 2008. Assessing urban forest structure: summary and conclusions. Aboriculture & Urban Forestry. 34(6): 391-392.
- Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J. 2008. Urban and community forests of New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-38. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 62 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Walton, Jeffrey T.; Stevens, Jack C.; Crane, Daniel E.; Hoehn, Robert E. 2008. Effect of plot and sample size on timing and precision of urban forest assessments. Aboriculture & Urban Forestry. 34(6): 386-390.
- Walton, Jeffrey T.; Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J. 2008. Assessing urban forest canopy cover using airborne or satellite imagery. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry. 34(6): 334-340.
- Buckelew Cumming, Anne ; Nowak, David; Twardus, Daniel; Hoehn, Robert; Mielke, Manfred; Rideout, Richard. 2007. National Forest Health Monitoring Program Urban Forests of Wisconsin: Pilot Monitoring Project 2002 Summary. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Area, State and Private Forestry, Newtown Square, PA 19073,
- Heisler, Gordon; Walton, Jeffrey; Yesilonis, Ian; Nowak, David; Pouyat, Richard; Grant, Richard; Grimmond, Sue; Hyde, Karla; Bacon, Gregory. 2007. Empirical modeling and mapping of below-canopy air temperatures in Baltimore, MD and vicinity. In: Proceedings of the seventh urban environment symposium; 2007 September 10-13; San Diego, CA. American Meteorological Society. 7 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Hoehn, Robert E., III; Crane, Daniel E.; Stevens, Jack C.; Walton, Jeffrey T. 2007. Assessing urban forest effects and values, Philladelphia's urban forest. Resour. Bull. NRS-7. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 22 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Hoehn, Robert E., III; Crane, Daniel E.; Stevens, Jack C.; Walton, Jeffrey T. 2007. Assessing urban forest effects and values, San Francisco's urban forest. Resour. Bull. NRS-8. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 22 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Hoehn, Robert E., III; Crane, Daniel E.; Stevens, Jack C.; Walton, Jeffrey T. 2007. Assessing urban forest effects and values, New York City's urban forest. Resour. Bull. NRS-9. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 22 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Wang, Jun; Endreny, Ted. 2007. Environmental and economic benefits of preserving forests within urban areas: air and water quality. Chapter 4.. In: de Brun, Constance T.F., ed. The economic benefits of land conservation. The Trust for Public Land: 28-47.
- Escobedo, Francisco J.; Nowak, David J.; Wagner, John E.; Luz De la Maza, Carmen; Rodríguez, Manuel; Crane, Daniel E.; Hernández, Jamie; Herná ndez, Jamie. 2006. The socioeconomics and management of Santiago de Chile's public urban forests. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 4:105-114
- Jouraeva, Venera A.; Johnson, David L.; Hassett, John P.; Nowak, David J.; Shipunova, Natalia A.; Barbarossa, Dana. 2006. Role of sooty mold fungi in degradation of polycycllic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) in soil. Environmental Research. 102: 272-282.
- Myeong, Soojeong; Nowak, David J.; Duggin, Michael J. 2006. A temporal analysis of urban forest carbon storage using remote sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment. 101: 277-282.
- Nowak, David J. 2006. Institutionalizing urban forestry as a "biotechnology" to improve environmental quality. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 5:93-100
- Nowak, David J.; Crane, Daniel E.; Stevens, Jack C. 2006. Air pollution removal by urban trees and shrubs in the United States. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
- Nowak, David J.; Hoehn, Robert E. III; Crane, Daniel E.; Stevens, Jack C.; Walton, Jeffrey T. 2006. Assessing urban forest effects and values, Minneapolis' urban forest. Resour. Bull. NE-166. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 20 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Hoehn, Robert E. III; Crane, Daniel E.; Stevens, Jack C.; Walton, Jeffrey T. 2006. Assessing urban forest effects and values, Washington, D.C.'s urban forest. Assessing urban forest effects and values, Washington, D.C.'s urban forest. Resour. Bull. NRS-1. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 24 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Hoehn, Robert E., III; Crane, Daniel E.; Stevens, Jack C.; Walton, Jeffrey T. 2006. Assessing urban forest effects and values, Casper's urban forest. Resour. Bull. NRS-4. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 20 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Hoehn, Robert; Walton, Jeffrey T.; Crane, Daniel E.; Stevens, Jack C.; Twardus, Daniel; Cumming, Anne; Mielke, Manfred; Smith, Bill. 2006. Urban Forest Health Monitoring in the United States. In: Aguirre-Bravo, C.; Pellicane, Patrick J.; Burns, Denver P.; and Draggan, Sidney, Eds. 2006. Monitoring Science and Technology Symposium: Unifying Knowledge for Sustainability in the Western Hemisphere Proceedings RMRS-P-42CD. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 181-187
- Nowak, David J.; Twardus, Daniel; Hoehn, Robert; Mielke, Manfred; Walton, Jeffery T.; Crane , Daniel E.; Cumming, Anne; Stevens, Jack C. 2006. Urban Forest Health Monitoring in the United States. In: Proceedings of the sixth annual forest inventory and analysis symposium; 2004 September 21-24; Denver, CO. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-70. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. 126p.
- Pataki, D.E.; Alig, R.J.; Fung, A.S.; Golubiewski, E.; Kennedy, C.A.; McPherson, E.G.; Nowak, D.J.; Pouyat, R.V.; Romero Lankao, P. 2006. Urban ecosystems and the North American carbon cycle. Global Change Biology. 12: 1-11.
- Pataki, D.E.; Alig, R.J.; Fung, A.S.; Golubiewski, N.E.; Kennedy, C.A.; McPherson, E.G.; Nowak, D.J.; Pouyat, R.V.; Lankao, P.R. 2006. Urban ecosystems and the North American carbon cycle. Global Change Biology 12: 1-11
- Pouyat, Richard V.; Yesilonis, Ian D.; Nowak, David J. 2006. Carbon storage by urban soils in the United States. Journal of Environmental Quality 35: 1566-1575.
- Nowak, David J.; Smith, Peter D.; Merritt, Michael; Giedraitis, John; Walton, Jeffrey T.; Hoehn, Robert E.; Stevens, Jack C.; Crane, Daniel E.; Estes, Mark; Stetson, Stephen; Burditt, Charles; Hitchcock, David; Holtcamp, Wendee. 2005. Houston's Regional Forest. Texas Forest Service Communication/Urban and Community Forestry 9/05-5000. 24p.
- Nowak, David J.; Walton, Jeffrey T.; Dwyer, John F.; Kaya, Latif G.; Myeong, Soojeong; Myeong, Soojeong. 2005. The Increasing Influence of Urban Environments on US Forest Management. Journal of Forestry. December: 377-382.
- Nowak, David J.; Walton, Jeffrey T.; Walton, Jeffrey T. 2005. Projected Urban Growth (2000 - 2050) and Its Estimated Impact on the US Forest Resource. Journal of Forestry. December: 383-389.
- Nowak, Dr. David J. 2005. Strategic tree planting as an EPA encouraged pollutant reduction strategy: how urban trees can obtain credit in state implementation plans. Sylvan Communities 23-27
- Woodall, Christopher; Johnson, Dan; Gallion, Joey; Perry, Charles; Butler, Brett; Piva, Ron; Jepsen, Ed; Nowak, Dave; Marshall, Phil. 2005. Indiana's forests 1999-2003 (Part A). Resour. Bull. NC-253A. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station. 94 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Kuroda, Miki; Crane, Daniel E. 2004. Tree mortality rates and tree population projections in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Urban Forestry Urban Greening. 2: 139-147
- Thompson, J.R.; Nowak, D.J.; Crane, D.E.; Hunkins, J.A. 2004. Iowa, U.S., communities benefit from a tree-planting program: characteristics of recently planted trees. Journal of Aboriculture. 30(1): January 2004
- Dwyer, John F.; Nowak, David J. 2003. Sustaining Urban Forests. Journal of Arboriculture 29(1):49-55
- Heisler, Gordon M.; Grant, Richard H.; Nowak, David J.; Gao, Wei; Crane, Daniel E.; Walton, Jeffery T. 2003. Inclusion of an ultraviolet radiation transfer component in an urban forest effects model for predicting tree influences on potential below-canopy exposure to UVB radiation. In: Slusser, James R.; Herman, Jay R.; Gao, Wei, eds. Proceedings of SPIE, Ultraviolet ground- and space-based measurements, models, and effects III. August 4-6, 2003: San Diego, CA: The International Society for Optical Engineering. 228-235.
- Myeong, Soojeong; Nowak, David J.; Hopkins, Paul F.; Brock, Robert H. 2003. Urban cover mapping using digital, high-resolution aerial imagery. Urban Ecosystems. 5: 243-256.
- Dwyer, John F.; Nowak, David J.; Watson, Gary W. 2002. Future Directions for Urban Forestry Research in the United States. Journal of Arboriculture 28(5):231-236
- Jouraeva, Venera A.; Johnson, David L.; Hassett, John P.; Nowak, David J. 2002. Differences in accumulation of PAHs and metals on the leaves of Tilia x euchlora and Pyrus calleryana. Environmental Pollution. 120: 331-338.
- Nowak, David J.; Crane, Daniel E. 2002. Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the USA. Environmental Pollution
- Nowak, David J.; Crane, Daniel E.; Dwyer, John F. 2002. Compensatory value of urban trees in the United States. Journal of Aboriculture. 28(4): 194-199.
- Nowak, David J.; Crane, Daniel E.; Stevens, Jack C.; Ibarra, Myriam. 2002. Brooklyn's urban forest. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-290. Newtown Square, PA: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station 107 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Crane, Daniel E.; Walton, Jeffrey T.; Twardus, Daniel B.; Dwyer, John F. 2002. Understanding and quantifying urban forest structure, functions, and value. In: Kenney, W.A.; McKay, J.; van Wassaneaer, P., eds. Proceedings of the 5th Canadian urban forest conference.; 2002 October 7-9; Markham, Ontario. Region of York, Ontario: Ontario Urban Forest Council: 27-1 - 27-9.
- Nowak, David J.; Stevens, Jack C.; Sisinni, Susan M.; Luley, Christopher J. 2002. Effects of urban tree management and species selection on atmospheric carbon dioxide. Journal of Arboriculture. 28(3): 113-122.
- Dwyer, John F.; Nowak, David J.; Watson, Gary W. 2001. Urban forestry research in the United State: the state of art and future prospects. In: Sievanen, Tuija; Konijnendijk, Cecil D.; Langner, Linda; Nilsson, Kjell, eds. Proceedings, IUFRO research groups 6.01, 6.11.04 and 6.14, sessions iin the 21st IUFRO World Congress 2000; [2000 August 7-12]; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Research Paper 815. [Helsinki, Finland: Finnish Forest Research Institute]: 109-122
- Nowak, David J.; Dwyer, John F. 2001. Urban forest structure, benefits, and value. In: Kollin, Cheryl, ed. 2001 National urban forest conference proceedings. Washington, DC: American Forests: 24-26.
- Nowak, David J.; Noble, Mary H.; Sisinni, Susan M.; Dwyer, John F. 2001. Assessing the US Urban Forest Resources. Journal of Forestry. Vol. 99 no. 3.:p. 37-42. (2001)
- Nowak, David J.; O'Connor, Paul R.; [Compilers]. 2001. Syracuse urban forest master plan: guiding the city's forest resource into the 21st century. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-287. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 50 p.
- Nowak, David J.; Pasek, Judith E.; Sequeira, Ronaldo A.; Crane, Daniel E.; Mastro, Victor C. 2001. Potential effect of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on urban trees in the United States. Journal of Economic Entomology. 94(1): 116-122.
- Dwyer, John F.; Childs, Gina M.; Nowak, David J. 2000. Forestry in urban and urbanizing areas of the United States; connecting people with forest in the 21st century. In: Baskaran, Krishnapillay, et al., eds. Forests and society: the role of research: sub-plenary sessions vol. 1: 21st IUFRO World congress; 2000 August 7-12; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [Vienna, Austria: International Union of Forest Research Organizations]: 629-637.
- Dwyer, John F.; Nowak, David J. 2000. A National Assessment of the Urban Forest: An Overview. Society of American Foresters 1999 National Convention Portland, Oregon. p. 157-162. (2000)
- Dwyer, John F.; Nowak, David J.; Noble, Mary Heather; Sisinni, Susan M. 2000. Connecting people with ecosystems in the 21st century: an assessment of our nation's urban forests.. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-490. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 483 p
- Nowak, David J.; Civerolo, Kevin L.; Rao, S. Trivikrama; Sistla, Gopal; Luley, Christopher J.; Crane, Daniel E. 2000. A modeling study of the impact of urban trees on ozone. Atmospheric Environment. 34: 1601-1613.
- Nowak, David J.; Crane, Daniel E. 2000. The Urban Forest Effects (UFORE) model: quantifying urban forest structure and functions. In: Hansen, Mark; Burk, Tom, eds. Integrated tools for natural resources inventories in the 21st century. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-212. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 714-720.
- Johnson, D. L.; Nowak, D. J.; Jouraeva, V. A. 1999. Characterizing individual particles on tree leaves using computer automated scanning electron microscopy. Advances in Environmental Research. 2(4): 456-466.
- Nowak, David J.; McHale, Patrick J.; Ibarra, Myriam; Crane, Daniel; Stevens, Jack C.; Luley, Chris J. 1998. Modeling the effects of urban vegetation on air pollution. In: Gryning, Sven-Erik; Chaumerliac, Nadine, eds. Air pollution modeling and its application XII. New York; Plenum Press: 399-407.
- Lund, H. Gyde; Befort, William A.; Brickell, James E.; Ciesla, William M.; Collins, Elizabeth C.; Czaplewski, Raymond L.; Disperati, Attilio Antonio; Douglass, Robert W.; Dull, Charles W.; Greer, Jerry D.; Hershey, Rachel Riemann; LaBau, Vernon J.; Lachowski, Henry; Murtha, Peter A.; Nowak, David J.; Roberts, Marc A.; Schram, Pierre; Shedha, Mahadev D.; Singh, Ashbindu; Winterberger, Kenneth C. 1997. Forestry [Chapter 11]. In: Philipson, Warren R., Editor-in-Chief. Manual of Photographic Interpretation, Second Edition. Bethesda, MD: American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. p. 399-440.
- McPherson, E. Gregory; Nowak, David; Heisler, Gordon; Grimmond, Sue; Souch, Catherine; Grant, Rich; Rowntree, Rowan. 1997. Quantifying urban forest structure, function, and value: the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project. Urban Ecosystems. 1: 49-61.
- Onstad, David W.; Nowak, David J.; Jeffords, Michael R. 1997. Potential defoliation of trees by outbreak populations of gypsy moth in the Chicago area. Journal of Arboriculture. 23(2): 57-64.
- Nowak, David J.; Rowntree, Rowan A.; McPherson, E. Gregory; Sisinni, Susan M.; Kirkmann, Esther R.; Stevens, Jack C. 1996. Measuring and analyzing urban tree cover. Urban Planning. 36: 49-57.
- McPherson, Gregory E.; Nowak, David J.; Rowntree, Rowan A. 1994. Chicago's urban forest ecosystem: results of the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project . Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-186. Radnor, PA: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 201 p.
- Nowak, David J. 1994. Understanding the structure. Journal of Forestry. 92(10): 42-46.
- McPherson, Gregory E.; Nowak, David J.; Sacamano, Paul L.; Prichard, Scott E.; Makra, Edith M. 1993. Chicago's evolving urban forest: initial report of the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-169. Radnor, PA: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 55 p.
- Nowak, David J. 1993. Atmospheric carbon reduction by urban trees. Journal of Environmental Management. 37: 207-217.
- Nowak, David J. 1993. Historical vegetation change in Oakland and its implications for urban forest management. Journal of Arboriculture. 19(5): 313-319.
- Nowak, David J. 1993. Compensatory value of an urban forest: an application of the tree-value formula. Journal of Arboriculture. 19(3): 173-177.
- Nowak, David J.; McBride, Joe R. 1993. Testing microdensitometric ability to determine Monterey pine urban tree stress. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing. 59(1): 89-91.
- Nowak, David J.; McBride, Joe R. 1992. Differences in Monterey pine pest populations in urban and natural forests. Forest Ecology and Management. 50: 133-144.
- Nowak, David J.; Sydnor, Davis T. 1992. Popularity of tree species and cultivars in the United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-166. Radnor, PA: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 44 p.
- Nowak, David J.; McBride, Joe R. 1991. Comparison of Monterey pine stress in urban and natural forests. Journal of Environmental Management. 32: 383-395.
- Rowntree, Rowan A.; Nowak, David J. 1991. Quantifying the role of urban forests in removing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Journal of Arboriculture. 17(10): 269-275.
- Nowak, David J. 1990. Street tree pruning and removal needs. Journal of Arboriculture. 16(12): 309-315.
- Nowak, David J. 1990. Height diameter relations of maple street trees. Journal of Arboriculture. 16(9): 231-235.
- Nowak, David J.; McBride, Joe R.; Beatty, Russell A. 1990. Newly planted street tree growth and mortality. Journal of Arboriculture. 16(5): 124-130.
- Nowak, David J.; Rowntree, Rowan A. 1990. History and range of Norway maple. Journal of Arboriculture. 16(11): 291-296.
- McBride, Joe R.; Nowak, David J. 1989. Urban park tree inventories. Arboricultural Journal 13:345-361
National Research Highlights
In New York City, the Value of Urban Trees Adds Up
Year: 2019
New York City’s urban forest produces cleaner air, lower energy costs, reduced ultraviolet radiation, and less storm water in the city’s sewer system. USDA Forest Service scientists and partners analyzed a sample of the city’s 7 million trees and found that they provide services with an annual value of more than $100 million.
Declining U.S. Urban Tree Cover
Year: 2018
Urban forests in the United States conservatively provide over $18 billion in annual benefits. Between 2009 and 2014, tree cover in urban areas dropped from 40.4 percent to 39.4 percent with 44 states showing a decline in tree cover. Total net loss of benefits is estimated at $96 million per year.
i-Tree grows to more than 180,000 users in 130 countries
Year: 2017
i-Tree is a series of freely available tools that aid people in quantifying the benefits and values derived from trees and forests and in understanding local threats to forest health. Use of these tools continues to grow globally to aid in using trees to improve local environments and human health.
Forest Inventory and Analysis Urban Monitoring Expands to Include 26 Cities
Year: 2017
In collaboration with state and local partners, the Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIS) Program has expanded urban forest monitoring to include 26 cities. FIA recently crossed a major milestone with data collection underway in more than 25 percent of the program’s proposed cities, making urban inventories active in all four national FIA units.
Urban Trees Save Billions of Dollars Through Reduced Energy Costs
Year: 2017
Trees in U.S. urban and community areas reduce residential energy use by an average of 7.2 percent, which equates a national savings of $7.8 billion per year. Reduced energy use also lowers pollutant emissions from power plants, which equates to an additional $3.9 billion per year.
Forest Inventory and Analysis is Coming to a City Near You
Year: 2016
In collaboration with state and local partners, the U.S. Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis Program (FIA) has begun monitoring the urban forest resource with special focus on the nation’s largest cities. FIA recently completed its first urban inventory report that describes the urban forests of Austin, Texas.
Trees Improve Human Health and Save Lives
Year: 2014
Air pollution is a serious health concern. Trees offer surfaces that remove gaseous and particulate air pollutants. Modeling of local environmental data reveals that trees removed 17.4 million metric tons of air pollution across the conterminous United States in 2010, with human health effects valued at 6.8 billion dollars. The human health effects included the avoidance of more than 850 incidences of human mortality and 670,000 incidences of acute respiratory symptoms.
Carbon Sequestration by Urban Trees Valued in the Billions of Dollars Annually
Year: 2013
Forest Service scientists quantified carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the United States to assess the magnitude and role of urban forests in relation to climate change. Total tree carbon storage in U.S. urban areas (in 2005) is estimated at 643 million metric tons ($50.5 billion value), with annual carbon sequestration estimated at 25.6 million tons ($2.0 billion value).
Nature Dominates in City Tree Regeneration
Year: 2012
Assessment of tree planting and natural regeneration in cities reveals that most trees in cities are not planted
U.S. Urban Tree Cover Declining
Year: 2012
Analysis of aerial images reveals that U.S. urban areas are losing about 20,000 acres of tree cover per year
Urban and Community Forest Summaries for the Lower 48 States
Year: 2010
NRS scientist David Nowak and others have recently published several important summaries of tree and forest information.