Scientists & Staff
Paul Schaberg
81 Carrigan Drive, Room 208B
News Releases
- Surprising Resurgence of Red Spruce Likely Result of Cleaner Air and Warmer WintersJune 5, 2018
- Cool Science (Very Cool) Examines How Ice Storms May Shape the Future of Northern ForestsJanuary 21, 2016
- Red spruce reviving in New England, but why?
Scientists surprised to find red spruce thriving, now looking for cause of historic growth rateAugust 30, 2013 - Decreased Water Flow May be Trade-off for More Productive ForestMarch 25, 2013
Current Research
- I currently coordinate a diverse collaborative group of scientists from the USDA Forest Service, The University of Vermont and other institutions that evaluate the influence of human-associated stress (e.g., pollution additions, climate change, etc.) on forest health and productivity.
- This research concentrates on the impacts of anthropogenic stress on aspects of tree physiology, including tissue cold tolerance, carbohydrate and nutrient relations, foliar pigments and antioxidant enzymes.
- Current issues that I am working on include: red spruce winter injury and other aspects of conifer cold tolerance, sugar maple decline, the impacts of calcium depletion on tree health, the biological basis of red pigment expression in the fall, and cold tolerance as a limitation to American chestnut restoration in the north.
Research Interests
- I want to explore the possibility that human-induced change is not only subjecting forests to many new, complex, and potentially interacting stresses, but may be also eroding the natural biological and ecological mechanisms that forests rely on to respond, adapt to, and survive stress.
- I will examine the cause and consequences of emerging tree decline scenarios (e.g., yellow cedar and birch decline) that have no apparent biologic (insect or disease) basis, but seem to be occurring with increasing frequency.
Why This Research is Important
Forests provide valuable ecosystem services (e.g., wood products, bioenergy, carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, gas exchange, food and medical products, etc.) upon which all life and human societies rely. My research focuses on understanding and preventing the real-world decline of forest tree species - thereby preserving the continued flow of ecosystem services that are an important foundation for sustainable human health and prosperity.Education
- The University of Vermont (UVM), Burlington, VT, Ph.D. Botany, 1996
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, Teaching Certification , 1989
- University of Vermont (UVM), Burlington VT, M.S. Forestry, 1985
- The University of Vermont (UVM), Burlington, VT, B.S. Forestry Forestry, 1981
Professional Organizations
- Ecological Society of America
- American Institute of Biological Sciences
- International Association for Ecology
- Society for Conservation Biology
- Society of American Foresters (SAF)
- The American Chestnut Foundation
- Xi Sigma Pi Forestry Honor Society
Publications & Products
- Clark, Peter W.; D'Amato, Anthony W.; Evans, Kevin S.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Woodall, Christopher W. 2022. Ecological memory and regional context influence performance of adaptation plantings in northeastern US temperate forests. Journal of Applied Ecology
- Clark, Peter W.; Freeman, Alissa J.; D'Amato, Anthony W.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Hawley, Gary J.; Evans, Kevin S.; Woodall, Christopher W. 2022. Restoring a keystone tree species for the future: American chestnut assisted migration plantings in an adaptive silviculture experiment. Forest Ecology and Management
- Juice, Stephanie M.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Kosiba, Alexandra M.; Waite, Carl E.; Hawley, Gary J.; Wang, Deane ; Perdrial, Julia N.; Adair, E. Carol. 2022. Soil type modifies the impacts of warming and snow exclusion on leachate carbon and nutrient losses. Biogeochemistry
- McEvoy, Susan L.; Sezen, U. Uzay; Trouern‐Trend, Alexander ; McMahon, Sean M.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Yang, Jie ; Wegrzyn, Jill L.; Swenson, Nathan G. 2022. Strategies of tolerance reflected in two North American maple genomes. The Plant Journal
- Schaberg, Paul G.; Murakami, Paula F.; Collins, Kendra M. 2022. Progeny test: assessing the influence of genetics and the environment on American chestnut at its northern range limit. Chestnut. 36(3): 31-34.
- Schaberg, Paul G.; Murakami, Paula F.; Collins, Kendra M.; Hansen, Christopher F.; Hawley, Gary J. 2022. Phenology, cold injury and growth of American chestnut in a Range-Wide provenance test. Forest Ecology and Management
- Stern, Rebecca L.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Rayback, Shelly A.; Hansen, Christopher F.; Murakami, Paula F.; Hawley, Gary J. 2022. Growth trends and environmental drivers of major tree species of the northern hardwood forest of eastern North America. Journal of Forestry Research
- Clark, Christopher M.; Sabo, Robert ; Geiser, Linda ; Perakis, Steven S.; Schaberg, Paul G. 2021. Air pollution effects on forests: A guide to species ecology, ecosystem services, and responses to nitrogen and sulfur deposition. Vol I. Trees. FS-1156. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 206 p.
- Evans, Margaret E. K.; DeRose, R. Justin; Stefan Klesse, ; Girardin, Martin P.; Heilman, Kelly A.; Alexander, M. Ross; Arsenault, Andre ; Babst, Flurin ; Bouchard, Mathieu ; Cahoon, Sean M. P.; Campbell, Elizabeth M.; Dietze, Michael ; Duchesne, Louis ; Frank, David C.; Giebink, Courtney L.; Gomez-Guerrero, Armando ; García, Genaro Gutierrez; Hogg, Edward H.; Metsaranta, Juha ; Ols, Clementine ; Rayback, Shelly A.; Reid, Anya ; Ricker, Martin ; Schaberg, Paul G.; Shaw, John D.; Sullivan, Patrick F.; Gaytan, Sergio Armando Villela. 2021. Adding tree rings to North America's National Forest Inventories: An essential tool to guide drawdown of atmospheric CO2. BioScience. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biab119.
- Schaberg, Paul G.; Murakami, Paula F.; Hansen, Christopher F.; Hawley, Gary J.; Marks, Christian O.; Slavicek, James M. 2021. Preliminary assessments of shoot cold tolerance for American elm bred for enhanced tolerance to Dutch elm disease. Canadian Journal of Forest Research
- Stern, Rebecca L.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Rayback, Shelly A.; Murakami, Paula F.; Hansen, Christopher F.; Hawley, Gary J. 2021. Eastern white pine and eastern hemlock growth: possible tradeoffs in response of canopy trees to climate. Canadian Journal of Forest Research
- Campbell, John L.; Rustad, Lindsey E.; Driscoll, Charles T.; Halm, Ian ; Fahey, Timothy J.; Fakhraei, Habibollah ; Groffman, Peter M.; Hawley, Gary J.; Leuenberger, Wendy ; Schaberg, Paul G. 2020. Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems. Journal of Visualized Experiments
- Clark, Stacy L.; Schlarbaum, Scott E.; Crane, Barbara S.; Pinchot, Cornelia C.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Thomas-Van Gundy, Melissa. 2020. Restoration of the American chestnut will require more than a blight-resistant tree. In: Pile, Lauren S.; Deal, Robert L.; Dey, Daniel C.; Gwaze, David; Kabrick, John M.; Palik, Brian J.; Schuler, Thomas M., comps. The 2019 National Silviculture Workshop: a focus on forest management-research partnerships. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-193. Madison, WI: U.S. Departmentof Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 38-40.
- Fahey, Robert T.; Atkins, Jeff W.; Campbell, John L.; Rustad, Lindsey E.; Duffy, Meghan ; Driscoll, Charles T.; Fahey, Timothy J.; Schaberg, Paul G. 2020. Effects of an experimental ice storm on forest canopy structure. Canadian Journal of Forest Research
- Hansen, Christopher F.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Strong, Allan M.; Rayback, Shelly A.; Hawley, Gary J. 2020. LiDAR Helps Differentiate Stand Health and Productivity Levels within a Northern Hardwood Forest. Open Journal of Forestry
- Pontius, Jennifer ; Schaberg, Paul ; Hanavan, Ryan. 2020. Remote sensing for early, detailed, and accurate detection of forest disturbance and decline for protection of biodiversity. In: Cavender-Bares, Jeannine; Gamon, John; Townsend, Philip, eds. Remote Sensing of Plant Biodiversity. New York, NY: Springer: 121-154.
- Rayback, Shelly A.; Duncan, James A.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Kosiba, Alexandra M.; Hansen, Christopher F.; Murakami, Paula F. 2020. The DendroEcological Network: A cyberinfrastructure for the storage, discovery and sharing of tree-ring and associated ecological data. Dendrochronologia
- Rustad, Lindsey E.; Campbell, John L.; Driscoll, Charles T.; Fahey, Timothy J.; Groffman, Peter M.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Hawley, Gary J.; Halm, Ian ; Bowles, Frank ; Leuenberger, Wendy ; Schwaner, Geoffrey ; Winant, Gabriel ; Leonardi, Brendan. 2020. Experimental approach and initial forest response to a simulated ice storm experiment in a northern hardwood forest. PLOS ONE
- Stern, Rebecca L.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Rayback, Shelly A.; Murakami, Paula F.; Hansen, Christopher F.; Hawley, Gary J. 2020. Growth of canopy red oak near its northern range limit: current trends, potential drivers, and implications for the future. Canadian Journal of Forest Research
- Butnor, John ; Johnsen, Kurt ; Anderson, Peter ; Hall, Kevin ; Halman, Joshua ; Hawley, Gary ; Maier, Christopher ; Schaberg, Paul G. 2019. Growth, Photosynthesis, and Cold Tolerance of Eucalyptus benthamii Planted in the Piedmont of North Carolina. Forest Science
- Duncan, James A.; Kosiba, Alexandra ; Rayback, Shelly ; Murakami, Paula ; Hansen, Christopher ; Schaberg, Paul. 2019. The DendroEcological Network Version 1.0: technical report. South Burlington, VT: Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Cooperative. 17 p.
- Fahey, Timothy J.; Schaberg, Paul G. 2019. Forest physiology and phenology. Chapter 14. In: Fahey, T.J., ed. Synthesis of scientific research at Hubbard Brook. Woodstock ,VT: Hubbard Brook Research Founcation.
- Weitzman, Julie N.; Groffman, Peter M.; Campbell, John L.; Driscoll, Charles T.; Fahey, Robert T.; Fahey, Timothy J.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Rustad, Lindsey E. 2019. Ecosystem Nitrogen Response to a Simulated Ice Storm in a Northern Hardwood Forest. Ecosystems
- Asbjornsen, Heidi ; Campbell, John L.; Jennings, Katie A.; Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A.; McIntire, Cameron ; Templer, Pamela H.; Phillips, Richard P.; Bauerle, Taryn L.; Dietze, Michael C.; Frey, Serita D.; Groffman, Peter M.; Guerrieri, Rosella ; Hanson, Paul J.; Kelsey, Eric P.; Knapp, Alan K.; McDowell, Nathan G.; Meir, Patrick ; Novick, Kimberly A.; Ollinger, Scott V; Pockman, Will T.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Wullschleger, Stan D.; Smith, Melinda D.; Rustad, Lindsey E. 2018. Guidelines and considerations for designing field experiments simulating precipitation extremes in forest ecosystems. Methods in Ecology and Evolution
- Horn, Kevin J.; Thomas, R. Quinn; Clark, Christopher M.; Pardo, Linda H.; Fenn, Mark E.; Lawrence, Gregory B.; Perakis, Steven S.; Smithwick, Erica A. H.; Baldwin, Douglas ; Braun, Sabine ; Nordin, Annika ; Perry, Charles H.; Phelan, Jennifer N.; Schaberg, Paul G.; St. Clair, Samuel B.; Warby, Richard ; Watmough, Shaun. 2018. Growth and survival relationships of 71 tree species with nitrogen and sulfur deposition across the conterminous U.S.. PLOS ONE
- Janowiak, Maria K.; D'Amato, Anthony W.; Swanston, Christopher W.; Iverson, Louis; Thompson, Frank R.; Dijak, William D.; Matthews, Stephen; Peters, Matthew P.; Prasad, Anantha; Fraser, Jacob S.; Brandt, Leslie A.; Butler-Leopold, Patricia; Handler, Stephen D.; Shannon, P. Danielle; Burbank, Diane; Campbell, John; Cogbill, Charles; Duveneck, Matthew J.; Emery, Marla R.; Fisichelli, Nicholas; Foster, Jane; Hushaw, Jennifer; Kenefic, Laura; Mahaffey, Amanda; Morelli, Toni Lyn; Reo, Nicholas J.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Simmons, K. Rogers; Weiskittel, Aaron; Wilmot, Sandy; Hollinger, David; Lane, Erin; Rustad, Lindsey; Templer, Pamela H. 2018. New England and northern New York forest ecosystem vulnerability assessment and synthesis: a report from the New England Climate Change Response Framework project. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-173. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 234 p.
- Kosiba, Alexandra M.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Rayback, Shelly A.; Hawley, Gary J. 2018. The surprising recovery of red spruce growth shows links to decreased acid deposition and elevated temperature. Science of The Total Environment
- Oswald, Evan M.; Pontius, Jennifer; Rayback, Shelly A.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Wilmot, Sandra H.; Dupigny-Giroux, Lesley-Ann. 2018. The complex relationship between climate and sugar maple health: Climate change implications in Vermont for a key northern hardwood species. Forest Ecology and Management
- Carter, Therese S.; Clark, Christopher M.; Fenn, Mark E.; Jovan, Sarah; Perakis, Steven S.; Riddell, Jennifer; Schaberg, Paul G.; Greaver, Tara L.; Hastings, Meredith G. 2017. Mechanisms of nitrogen deposition effects on temperate forest lichens and trees. Ecosphere. 8(3): e01717
- Knight, Kathleen S.; Haugen, Linda M.; Pinchot, Cornelia C.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Slavicek, James M. 2017. American elm (Ulmus americana) in restoration plantings: a review. In: Pinchot, Cornelia C.; Knight, Kathleen S.; Haugen, Linda M.; Flower, Charles E.; Slavicek, James M., eds. Proceedings of the American elm restoration workshop 2016; 2016 October 25-27; Lewis Center, OH. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-174. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 133-140.
- Kosiba, Alexandra M.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Rayback, Shelly A.; Hawley, Gary J. 2017. Comparative growth trends of five northern hardwood and montane tree species reveal divergent trajectories and response to climate. Canadian Journal of Forest Research
- Krebs, Jeffrey; Pontius, Jennifer; Schaberg, Paul G. 2017. Modeling the impacts of hemlock woolly adelgid infestation and presalvage harvesting on carbon stocks in northern hemlock forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research
- Pinchot, C.C.; Flower, C.E.; Knight, K.S.; Marks, C.; Minocha, R.; Lesser, D.; Woeste, K.; Schaberg, P.G.; Baldwin, B.; Delatte, D.M.; Fox, T.D.; Hayes-Plazolles, N.; Held, B.; Lehtoma, K.; Long, S.; Mattix, S.; Sipes, A.; Slavicek, J.M. 2017. Development of new Dutch Elm disease-tolerant selections for restoration of the American Elm in urban and forested landscapes. In: Sniezko, Richard A.; Man, Gary; Hipkins, Valerie; Woeste, Keith; Gwaze, David; Kliejunas, John T.; McTeague, Brianna A., tech. cords. 2017. Gene conservation of tree species—banking on the future. Proceedings of a workshop. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-963. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station: 53-63.
- Schaberg, Paul G. 2017. Acid rain and sugar maple decline. Maple Syrup Digest. February: 18-23.
- Schaberg, Paul G.; Murakami, Paula F.; Butnor, John R.; Hawley, Gary J. 2017. Experimental branch cooling increases foliar sugar and anthocyanin concentrations in sugar maple at the end of the growing season. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 47(5): 696-701.
- Schaberg, Paul; Murakami, Paula; Hawley, Gary J.; Collins, Kendra. 2017. American chestnut restoration in New England - cold damage as an added challenge. New England Society of American Foresters News Quarterly. 78(3): 8-11.
- Engel, Benjamin J.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Hawley, Gary J.; Rayback, Shelly A.; Pontius, Jennifer; Kosiba, Alexandra M.; Miller, Eric K. 2016. Assessing relationships between red spruce radial growth and pollution critical load exceedance values. Forest Ecology and Management. 359: 83-91.
- Isselhardt, Mark L.; Perkins, Timothy D.; van den Berg, Abby K.; Schaberg, Paul G. 2016. Preliminary results of sugar maple carbohydrate and growth response under vacuum and gravity sap extraction. Forest Science. 62(2): 125-128.
- Pontius, Jennifer; Halman, Joshua M.; Schaberg, Paul G. 2016. Seventy years of forest growth and community dynamics in an undisturbed northern hardwood forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 46: 959-967.
- Fahey, Timothy J.; Templer, Pamela H.; Anderson, Bruce T.; Battles, John J.; Campbell, John L.; Driscoll, Charles T.; Fusco, Anthony R.; Green, Mark B.; Kassam, Karim-Aly S.; Rodenhouse, Nicholas L.; Rustad, Lindsey; Schaberg, Paul G.; Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A. 2015. The promise and peril of intensive-site-based ecological research: insights from the Hubbard Brook ecosystem study. Ecology. 96(4): 885-901.
- Halman, Joshua M.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Hawley, Gary J.; Hansen, Christopher F.; Fahey, Timothy J. 2015. Differential impacts of calcium and aluminum treatments on sugar maple and American beech growth dynamics. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 45(1): 52-59.
- Perry, Charles H. (Hobie); Horn, Kevin J.; Thomas, R. Quinn; Pardo, Linda H.; Smithwick, Erica A.H.; Baldwin, Doug; Lawrence, Gregory B.; Bailey, Scott W.; Braun, Sabine; Clark, Christopher M.; Fenn, Mark; Nordin, Annika; Phelan, Jennifer N.; Schaberg, Paul G.; St. Clair, Sam; Warby, Richard; Watmough, Shaun; Perakis, Steven S. 2015. Repeated measures from FIA data facilitates analysis across spatial scales of tree growth responses to nitrogen deposition from individual trees to whole ecoregions. In: Stanton, Sharon M.; Christensen, Glenn A., comps. 2015. Pushing boundaries: new directions in inventory techniques and applications: Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) symposium 2015. 2015 December 8-10; Portland, Oregon. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-931. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. p. 191.
- Richardson, Andrew D.; Carbone, Mariah S.; Huggett, Brett A.; Furze, Morgan E.; Czimczik, Claudia I.; Walker, Jennifer C.; Xu, Xiaomei; Schaberg, Paul G.; Murakami, Paula. 2015. Distribution and mixing of old and new nonstructural carbon in two temperate trees. New Phytologist. 206(2): 590-597.
- Strimbeck, G. Richard; Schaberg, Paul G.; Fossdal, Carl G.; Schroder, Wolfgang P.; Kjellsen, Trygve D. 2015. Extreme low temperature tolerance in woody plants. Frontiers in Plant Science. 6. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00884. 15 p.
- Clark, Stacy L.; Schlarbaum, Scott E.; Pinchot, Cornelia C.; Anagnostakis, Sandra L.; Saunders, Michael R.; Thomas-Van Gundy, Melissa; Schaberg, Paul; McKenna, James; Bard, Jane F.; Berrang, Paul C.; Casey, David M.; Casey, Chris E.; Crane, Barbara; Jackson, Brian D.; Kochenderfer, Jeff D.; MacFarlane, Russ; Makowske, Robert; Miller, Mark D.; Rodrigue, Jason A.; Stelick, Jim; Thornton, Christopher D.; Williamson, Tyler S. 2014. Reintroduction of American Chestnut in the National Forest System. Journal of Forestry
- Saielli, Thomas M.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Hawley, Gary J.; Halman, Joshua M.; Gurney, Kendra M. 2014. Genetics and silvicultural treatments influence the growth and shoot winter injury of American chestnut in Vermont. Forest Science. 60(6): 1068-1076.
- Schaberg, Paul G.; Hawley, Gary J.; Rayback, Shelly A.; Halman, Joshua M.; Kosiba, Alexandra M. 2014. Inconclusive evidence of Juniperus virginiana recovery following sulfur pollution reductions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111(1): E1.
- White, Katharine; Pontius, Jennifer; Schaberg, Paul. 2014. Remote sensing of spring phenology in northeastern forests: A comparison of methods, field metrics and sources of uncertainty. Remote Sensing of Environment. 148: 97-107.
- Boyce, Richard L.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Hawley, Gary J.; Halman, Joshua M.; Murakami, Paula F. 2013. Effects of soil calcium and aluminum on the physiology of balsam fir and red spruce saplings in northern New England. Trees. 27(6): 1657-1667.
- Carbone, Mariah S.; Czimczik, Claudia I.; Keenan, Trevor F.; Murakami, Paula F.; Pederson, Neil; Schaberg, Paul G.; Xu, Xiaomei; Richardson, Andrew D. 2013. Age, allocation and availability of nonstructural carbon in mature red maple trees. New Phytologist. 200(4): 1145-1155.
- Comerford, Daniel P.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Templer, Pamela H.; Socci, Anne M.; Campbell, John L.; Wallin, Kimberly F. 2013. Influence of experimental snow removal on root and canopy physiology of sugar maple trees in a northern hardwood forest. Oecologia. 171: 261-269.
- Green, Mark B.; Bailey, Amey S.; Bailey, Scott W.; Battles, John J.; Campbell, John L.; Driscoll, Charles T.; Fahey, Timothy J.; Lepine, Lucie C.; Likens, Gene E.; Ollinger, Scott V.; Schaberg, Paul G. 2013. Reply to Smith and Shortle: Lacking evidence of hydraulic efficiency changes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110(40): E3740.
- Green, Mark B.; Bailey, Amey S.; Bailey, Scott W.; Battles, John J.; Campbell, John L.; Driscoll, Charles T.; Fahey, Timothy J.; Lepine, Lucie C.; Likens, Gene E.; Ollinger, Scott V.; Schaberg, Paul G. 2013. Decreased water flowing from a forest amended with calcium silicate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. 110(15): 5999-6003.
- Halman, Joshua M.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Hawley, Gary J.; Pardo, Linda H.; Fahey, Timothy J. 2013. Calcium and aluminum impacts on sugar maple physiology in a northern hardwood forest. Tree Physiology. 33(11): 1242-1251.
- Kosiba, Alexandra M.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Hawley, Gary J.; Hansen, Christopher F. 2013. Quantifying the legacy of foliar winter injury on woody aboveground carbon sequestration of red spruce trees. Forest Ecology and Management. 302: 363-371.
- Pardo, L.H.; Semaoune, P.; Schaberg, P.G.; Eagar, C.; Sebilo, M. 2013. Patterns in δ15N in roots, stems, and leaves of sugar maple and American beech seedlings, saplings, and mature trees. Biogeochemistry. 112: 275-291.
- Richardson, Andrew D.; Carbone, Mariah S.; Keenan, Trevor F.; Czimczik, Claudia I.; Hollinger, David Y.; Murakami, Paula; Schaberg, Paul G.; Xu, Xiaomei. 2013. Seasonal dynamics and age of stemwood nonstructural carbohydrates in temperate forest trees. New Phytologist. 197: 850-861.
- Schaberg, Paul G.; Saielli, Thomas M.; Hawley, Gary J.; Halman, Joshua M.; Gurney, Kendra M. 2013. Winter Iinjury of American chestnut seedlings grown in a common garden at the species' northern range limit. In: Miller, Gary W.; Schuler, Thomas M.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Brooks, John R.; Grushecky, Shawn T.; Spong, Ben D.; Rentch, James S., eds. Proceedings, 18th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; 2012 March 26-28; Morgantown, WV; Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-117. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 72-79.
- Crowley, K.F.; McNeil, B.E.; Lovett, G.M.; Canham, C.D.; Driscoll, C.T.; Rustad, L.E.; Denny, E.; Hallett, R.A.; Arthur, M.A.; Boggs, J.L.; Goodale, C.L.; Kahl, J.S.; McNulty, S.G.; Ollinger, S.V.; Pardo, L.H.; Schaberg, P.G.; Stoddard, J.L.; Weand, M.P.; Weather, K.C. 2012. Do nutrient limitation patterns shift from nitrogen toward phosphorus with increasing nitrogen deposition across the northeastern United States?. Ecosystems. 15: 940-957.
- Groffman, Peter M.; Rustad, Lindsey; Templer, Pamela H.; Campbell, John; Christenson, Lynn M.; Lany, Nina K.; Socci, Anne M.; Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A.; Schaberg, Paul; Wilson, Geoffrey F.; Driscoll, Charles T.; Fahey, Timothy J.; Fisk, Melany C.; Goodale, Christine L.; Green, Mark B.; Hamburg, Steven P.; Johnson, Chris E.; Mitchell, Myron J.; Morse, Jennifer L.; Pardo, Linda H.; Rodenhouse, Nicholas L. 2012. Long-term integrated studies show complex and surprising effects of climate change in northern hardwood forests. BioScience. 62(12): 1056-1066
- Hennon, Paul E.; D'Amore, David V.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Wittwer, Dustin T.; Shanley, Colin S. 2012. Shifting climate, altered niche, and a dynamic conservation strategy for yellow-cedar in the North Pacific coastal rainforest. BioScience. 62: 147-158.
- Saielli, Thomas M.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Hawley, Gary J.; Halman, Joshua M.; Gurney, Kendra M. 2012. Shoot winter injury and nut cold tolerance: Possible limitations for American chestnut restoration in cold environments? In: Sniezko, Richard A.; Yanchuk, Alvin D.; Kliejunas, John T.; Palmieri, Katharine M.; Alexander, Janice M.; Frankel, Susan J., tech. In: Sniezko, Richard A.; Yanchuk, Alvin D.; Kliejunas, John T.; Palmieri, Katharine M.; Alexander, Janice M.; Frankel, Susan J., tech. coords. Proceedings of the fourth international workshop on the genetics of host-parasite interactions in forestry: Disease and insect resistance in forest trees. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-240. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. p. 267
- Saielli, Thomas M.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Hawley, Gary J.; Halman, Joshua M.; Gurney, Kendra M. 2012. Nut cold hardiness as a factor influencing the restoration of American chestnut in northern latitudes and high elevations. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 42: 849-857.
- Gurney, Kendra M.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Hawley, Gary; Shane, John B. 2011. Inadequate cold tolerance as a possible limitation to American chestnut restoration in the northeastern United States. Restoration Ecology. 19: 55-63.
- Halman, Joshua M.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Hawley, Gary J.; Hansen, Christopher F. 2011. Potential role of soil calcium in recovery of paper birch following ice storm injury in Vermont, USA. Forest Ecology and Management. 261: 1539-1545.
- Neufeld, Howard S.; Poindexter, Derick B; Murakami, Paula F.; Schaberg, Paul G. 2011. Observations on the relationship between above- and below-ground anthocyanin production in Galax urceolata (Poir.) Brummitt growing in sun-exposed and shaded locations. Castanea. 76: 84-98.
- Schaberg, Paul G.; D'Amore, David V.; Hennon, Paul E.; Halman, Joshua M.; Hawley, Gary J. 2011. Do limited cold tolerance and shallow depth of roots contribute to yellow-cedar decline?. Forest Ecology and Management. 262: 2142-2150.
- Schaberg, Paul G.; Lazarus, Brynne E.; Hawley, Gary J.; Halman, Joshua M.; Borer, Catherine H.; Hansen, Christopher F. 2011. Assessment of weather-associated causes of red spruce winter injury and consequences to aboveground carbon sequestration. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 41: 359-369.
- Schaberg, Paul G.; Minocha, Rakesh; Long, Stephanie; Halman, Joshua M.; Hawley, Gary J.; Eagar, Christopher. 2011. Calcium addition at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest increases the capacity for stress tolerance and carbon capture in red spruce (Picea rubens) trees during the cold season. Trees. 25: 1053-1061.
- Gurney, Kenda; Schaberg, Paul. 2010. Life in the cold - another challenge to American chestnut restoration?. Journal of the American Chestnut Foundation. 24(3): 12-14.
- Schaberg, Paul G.; Hawley, Gary J. 2010. Disruption of calcium nutrition at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (New Hampshire) alters the health and productivity of red spruce and sugar maple trees and provides lessons pertinent to other sites and regions. In: Rentch, James S.; Schuler, Thomas M., eds. 2010. Proceedings from the conference on the ecology and management of high-elevation forests in the central and southern Appalachian Mountains. 2009 May 14-15; Slatyfork, WV. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-64. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 190-200.
- Schaberg, Paul G.; Miller, Eric K.; Eagar, Christopher. 2010. Assessing the threat that anthropogenic calcium depletion poses to forest health and productivity. In: Pye, John M.; Rauscher, H. Michael; Sands, Yasmeen; Lee, Danny C.; Beatty, Jerome S., tech. eds. 2010. Advances in threat assessment and their application to forest and rangeland management. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-802. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest and Southern Research Stations: 37-58
- Archetti, Marco ; Döring, Thomas F.; Hagen, Snorre B.; Hughes, Nicole M.; Leather, Simon R.; Lee, David W.; Lev-Yadun, Simcha ; Manetas, Yiannis ; Ougham, Helen J.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Thomas, Howard. 2009. Unravelling the evolution of autumn colours: an interdisciplinary approach. Trends in Ecology & Evolution
- D'Amore, David V.; Hennon, Paul E.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Hawley, Gary J. 2009. Adaptation to exploit nitrate in surface soils predisposes yellow-cedar to climate-induced decline while enhancing the survival of western redcedar: a new hypothesis. Forest Ecology and Management. 258: 2261-2268.
- Schaberg, Paul G.; Gurney, Kendra M.; Janes, Benjamin R.; Halman, Joshua M.; Hawley, Gary J. 2009. Is nut cold tolerance a limitation to the restoration of American chestnut in the northeastern United States?. Ecological Restoration. 27(3): 266-268.
- Strimbeck, G.R.; Schaberg, P.G. 2009. Going to extremes: low temperature tolerance and acclimation in temperate and boreal conifers. In: Gusta L.; Wisniewski, M.; Tanino, K., eds. Plant cold hardiness: from the laboratory to the field. CAB International: 226-239.
- Halman, Joshua M.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Hawley, Gary J.; Eagar, Christopher. 2008. Calcium addition at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest increases sugar storage, antioxidant activity and cold tolerance in native red spruce (Picea rubens). Tree Physiology 28:855-862
- Murakami, P.F.; Schaberg, P.G.; Shane, J.B. 2008. Stem girdling manipulates leaf sugar concentrations and anthocyanin expression in sugar maples trees during autumn. Tree Physiology. 28: 1467-1473.
- Schaberg, P.G.; Murakami, P.F.; Turner, M.R.; Heitz, H.K.; Hawley, G.J. 2008. Association of red coloration with senescence of sugar maple leaves in autumn. Trees. 22: 573-578.
- Schaberg, Paul G.; DeHayes, Donald H.; Hawley, Gary J.; Nijensohn, Samuel E. 2008. Anthropogenic alterations of genetic diversity within tree populations: Implications for forest ecosystem resilience. Forest Ecology and Management. 256: 855-862.
- Schaberg, Paul G.; Hennon, Paul E.; D'amore, David V.; Hawley, Gary J. . 2008. Influence of simulated snow cover on the cold tolerance and freezing injury of yellow-cedar seedlings. Global Change Biology
- Strimbeck, G. Richard; Kjellsen, Trygve D.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Murakami, Paula F. 2008. Dynamics of low-temperature acclimation in temperate and boreal conifer foliage in a mild winter climate. Tree Physiology
- Huggett, Brett A.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Hawley, Gary J.; Eager, Christopher. 2007. Long-term calcium addition increases growth release, wound closure, and health of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) trees at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37:1692-1700
- Strimbeck, G. Richard; Kjellsen, Trygve D.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Murakami, Paula F. 2007. Cold in the common garden: comparative low-temperature tolerance of boreal and temperate conifer foliage. Trees. 21: 557-567.
- Hawley, Gary J.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Eagar, Christopher; Borer, Catherine H. 2006. Calcium addition at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest reduced winter injury to red spruce in a high-injury year. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:2544-2549
- Hawley, Gary; DeHayes, Donald; Schaberg, Paul; Brissette, John; Brissette, John. 2006. Genetic Effects of Diameter-Limit Cutting. In: Kenefic, Laura S.; Nyland, Ralph D. eds. Proceedings of the conference on diameter-limit cutting in northeastern forests.; 2005 May 23-24; Amherst, MA. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-342. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Forest Service: 41-42.
- Hennon, P.; D'Amore, D.; Wittwer, D.; Johnson, A.; Schaberg, P.; Hawley, G.; Beier, C.; Sink, S.; Juday, G. 2006. Climate warming, reduced snow, and freezing injury could explain the demise of yellow-cedar in southeast Alaska, USA. World Resource Review. 18(2): 427-450.
- Lazarus, Brynne E.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Hawley, Gary J.; DeHayes, Donald H. 2006. Landscape-scale spatial patterns of winter injury to red spruce foliage in a year of heavy region-wide injury. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:142-152
- Pardo, L.H.; Templer, P.H.; Goodale, C.L.; Duke, S.; Groffman, P.M.; Adams, M.B.; Boeckx, P.; Boggs, J.; Campbell, J.; Colman, B.; Compton, J.; Emmett, B.; Gundersen, P.; Kjonaas, J.; Lovett, G.; Mack, M.; Magill, A.; Mbila, M.; Mitchell, M.J.; McGee, G.; McNulty, S.; Nadelhoffer, K.; Ollinger, S.; Ross, D.; Rueth, H.; Rustad, L.; Schaberg, P.; Schiff, S.; Schleppi, P.; Spoelstra, J.; Wessel, W. 2006. Regional assessment of N saturation using foliar and root δ15N. Biogeochemistry. 80: 143-171.
- Schaberg, Paul G.; Tilley, James W.; Hawley, Gary J.; DeHayes, Donald H.; Bailey, Scott W. 2006. Associations of calcium and aluminum with the growth and health of sugar maple trees in Vermont. Forest Ecology and Management. 223: 159-169.
- Borer, Catherine H.; Schaberg, Paul G.; DeHayes, Donald H.; DeHayes, Donald H. 2005. Acidic mist reduces foliar membrane-associated calcium and impairs stomatal responsiveness in red spruce. Tree Physiology. 25: 673-680.
- Hawley, Gary J.; Schaberg, Paul G.; DeHayes, Donald H.; Brissette, John C. 2005. Silviculture alters the genetic structure of an eastern hemlock forest in Maine, USA. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 35(1): 143-150.
- Murakami, Paula F.; Turner, Michelle R.; van den Berg, Abby K.; Schaberg, Paul G. 2005. An instructional guide for leaf color analysis using digital imaging software. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-327. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 33 p.
- Nijensohn, Samuel E.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Hawley, Gary J.; DeHayes, Donald H.; DeHayes, Donald H. 2005. Genetic subpopulation structuring and its implications in a mature eastern white pine stand. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 35: 1041-1052.
- Schaberg, Paul G.; Hennon, Paul E.; D, Amore, David V.; Hawley, Gary J.; Borer, Catherine H.; Borer, Catherine H. 2005. Seasonal differences in freezing tolerance of yellow-cedar and western hemlock trees at a site affected by yellow-cedar decline. Canadian Journal of Forest Research.35: 2065-2070.
- Borer, Catherine H.; Schaberg, Paul G.; DeHayes, Donald H.; Hawley, Gary J. 2004. Accretion, partitioning and sequestration of calcium and aluminum in red spruce foliage: implications for tree health. Tree Physiology. 24: 929-939.
- Lazarus, Brynne E.; Schaberg, Paul G.; DeHayes, Donald H.; Hawley, Gary J. 2004. Severe red spruce winter injury in 2003 creates unusual ecological event in the northeastern United States. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 1784-1788.
- Schaberg, Paul G.; Hawley, Gary J.; DeHayes, Donald H.; Nijensohn, Samuel E. 2004. Silvicultural management and the manipulation of rare alleles. In: Beaulieu, J., ed. Silviculture and the conservation of genetic resources for sustainable forest management, proceedings of the symposium of the North American forest commission, forest genetic resources and silviculture working groups, and the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO); 2003 September 21; Quebec City, Canada. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service: 67-74.
- Schaberg, P.G.; Van Den Berg, A.K.; Murakami, P.F.; Shane, J.B.; Donnelly, J.R. 2003. Factors influencing red expression in autumn foliage of sugar maple trees. Tree Physiology. 23: 325-333.
- Hawley, Gary J.; Schaberg, Paul G.; DeHayes, Donald H. 2002. The importance of preserving genetic uniqueness in pitch pine restoration (Vermont). Ecological Restoration. 20: 281-282.
- Schaberg, Paul G.; DeHayes, Donald H.; Hawley, Gary J.; Murakami, Paula F.; Strimbeck, G. Richard; McNulty, Steven G. 2002. Effects of chronic N fertilization on foliar membranes, cold tolerance, and carbon storage in montane red spruce. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32:1351-1359
- Vasseur, L.; Schaberg, P. G.; Hounsell, J.; Ang, P. O., Jr.; Cote, D.; et. al.. 2002. Ecosystem health and human health: healthy planet, healthy living. In: Costanza, Robert; Jorgensen, Sven Erik, eds. Understanding and Solving Environmental Problems in the 21st Century; Toward a new, integrated hard problem science. New York, NY: Elsevier: 189-219.
- Borer, Catherine H.; Schaberg, Paul G.; DeHayes, Donald H.; Hawley, Gary J. 2001. Physiological implications of anthropogenic environmental calcium depletion. In: The Tree 2000. Isabelle Quentin Ed. IQ Press, Montreal: 295-300.
- DeHayes, Donald H.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Strimbeck, G.Richard. 2001. Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) cold hardiness and freezing injury susceptibility. Chapter 18. In: Bigras, F.; Columbo, S.J., eds. Conifer cold hardiness. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: 495-529.
- Schaberg, Paul G.; DeHayes, Donald H.; Hawley, Gary J. 2001. Anthropogenic calcium depletion: a unique threat to forest ecosystem health?. Ecosystem Health. 7(4): 214-228.
- Van den Berg, Abby K.; Donnelly, John R.; Murakami, Paula F.; Schaberg, Paul G. 2001. Development of fall foliage color in sugar maple. In: The Tree 2000. Isabelle Quentin Ed. IQ Press, Montreal: 356-360.
- DeHayes, Donald H.; Jacobson, George L., Jr.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Bongarten, Bruce; Iverson, Louis; Dieffenbacher-Krall, Ann C. 2000. Forest responses to changing climate: lessons from the past and uncertainty for the future. In: Mickler, Robert A.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Hom, John, eds. Responses of northern U.S. forests to environmental change. Ecological studies 139. New York: Springer-Verlag: 495-540.
- Perkins, T.D.; Adams, G.T.; Lawson, S.T.; Schaberg, P.G.; McNulty, S.G. 2000. Long-term nitrogen fertilization increases winter injury in montane red spruce foliage (Picea rubens) foliage. Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 10: 165-172.
- Schaberg, P.G. 2000. Winter photosynthesis in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.): limitations, potential benefits, and risks. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 32: 375-380.
- Schaberg, P.G.; DeHayes, D.H.; Hawley, G.J.; Strimbeck, G.R.; Cumming, J.R.; Murakami, P.F.; Borer, C.H. 2000. Acid mist and soil Ca and Al alter the mineral nutrition and physiology of red spruce. Tree Physiology. 20: 73-85.
- Schaberg, P.G.; Snyder, M.C.; Shane, J.B.; Donnelly, J.R. 2000. Seasonal patterns of carbohydrate reserves in red spruce seedlings. Tree Physiology. 20: 549-555.
- Schaberg, P.G.; Strimbeck, G.R.; Hawley, G.J.; DeHayes, D.H.; Shane, J.B.; Murakami, P.F.; Perkins, T.D.; Donnelly, J.R.; Wong, B.L. 2000. Cold tolerance and photosystem function in a montane red spruce population: physiological relationships with foliar carbohydrates. Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 10(1/2): 173-180.
- Schaberg, Paul G.; DeHayes, Donald H. 2000. Physiological and environmental causes of freezing injury in red spruce. In: Mickler, Robert A.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Hom, John, eds. Responses of northern U.S. forests to environmental change. Ecological studies 139. New York: Springer-Verlag: 181-227.
- Shaberg, P.G.; Strimbeck, G.R.; Hawley, G.J.; DeHayes, D.H.; Shane, J.B.; Murakami, P.F.; Perkins, T.D.; Donnelly, J.R.; Wong, B.L. 2000. Cold tolerance and photosystem function in a montane red spruce population: physiological relationships with foliar carbohydrates. Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 10: 173-180.
- DeHayes, Donald H.; Schaberg, Paul G.; Hawley, Gary J.; Strimbeck, G. Richard. 1999. Acid rain impacts on calcium nutrition and forest health. BioScience. 49(10): 789-800.
- Schaberg, P.G.; Shane, J.B.; Cali, P.F.; Donnelly, J.R.; Strimbeck, G.R. 1998. Photosynthetic capacity of red spruce during winter. Tree Physiology. 18. 271-276.
- Borer, Catherine H.; Schaberg, Paul; Cumming, Jonathan R. 1997. Relative quantification of membrane-associated calcium in red spruce mesophyll cells. Trees. 12: 21-26.
- DeHayes, D.H.; Schaberg, P.G.; Hawley, G.J.; Borer, C.H.; Cumming, J.R.; Strimbeck, J.R. 1997. Physiological implications of seasonal variation in membrane-associated calcium in red spruce mesophyll cells. Tree Physiology. 17: 687-695.
- Schaberg, Paul G.; Perkins, Timothy D.; McNulty, Steven G. 1997. Effects of chronic low-level N additions on foliar elemental concentrations, morphology, and gas exchange of mature montane red spruce. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 27: 1622-1629.
- Schaberg, P.G.; Shane, J.B.; Hawley, G.J.; Strimbeck, G.R.; DeHayes, D.H.; Cali, P.F.; Donnelly, J.R. 1996. Physiological changes in red spruce seedlings during a simulated winter thaw. Tree Physiology. 16: 567-574.
- Schaberg, P.G.; Wilkinson, R.C.; Shane, J.B.; Donnelly, J.R.; Cali, P.F. 1995. Winter photosynthesis of red spruce from three Vermont seed sources. Tree Physiology. 15: 345-350.
- Strimbeck, G.R.; Schaberg, P.G.; DeHayes, D.H.; Shane, J.B.; Hawley, G.J. 1995. Midwinter dehardening of montane red spruce during a natural thaw. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 25: 2040-2044.
- Wilkinson, Ronald C.; Schaberg, Paul G. 1992. Altitudinal variation in growth, bud break and susceptibility to balsam twig aphid damage of balsam fir from 6 Vermont seed sources. In: Proceedings of the 1st northern forest genetics conference; 1991 July 23-25; Burlington, VT. The University of Vermont: 171-180.
- Donnelly, John R.; Shane, John B.; Schaberg, Paul G. 1990. Lead mobility within the xylem of red spruce seedlings: Implications for the development of pollution histories. Journal of Environmental Quality. 19: 268-271.
National Research Highlights
Recovery of Red Spruce Linked to Decreased Acid Deposition and Higher Temperatures
Year: 2018
Red spruce was once a valued timber species but was threatened when high inputs of acid deposition reduced its growth and increased mortality for this sensitive species. A Northern Research Station (NRS) scientist and partners set out to establish whether red spruce is rebounding, 20 years after Clean Air Act mandates, and if so, why?
Fall leaf color research could make it possible to predict timing, intensity, and location of fall color
Year: 2017
What triggers fall red color expression in leaves? Forest Service scientists used a unique branch cooling system to verify that low temperatures cause sugars to build up in leaves and induce production of anthocyanin, a red pigment. Understanding the biology of anthocyanin production could help managers predict the timing, intensity, and location of fall color displays valued by the public.
Elm Disease Resistance Research Gets a Boost
Year: 2016
Great news for disease-tolerant American elm! A grant from The Manton Foundation has provided the Forest Service’s Northern Research Station with an opportunity to accelerate American elm research in collaboration with Nature Conservancy.
Trees Vulnerable to Damage from Acid Deposition Located Using Critical Load Exceedance Maps
Year: 2016
A Forest Service scientist and his partners used a computer model to identify locations where inputs of acid deposition were expected to harm trees, and then tested those expectations using growth measures from red spruce trees at 35 stands in Vermont and New Hampshire. Model results indicated that trees in locations where acid deposition exceeded predicted tolerances had reduced growth over the last 60 years, suggesting that the model and associated maps could be valuable tools for locating vulnerable populations.