Publication Details

Year Published

1985

Publication

Research Paper NC-261. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station

Abstract

Plants are indicators of environmental factors like moisture, nutrients, heat, and light. Semi-quantitative indices for these four factors were developed for 90 Michigan trees and shrubs. The indices and a tally of species present provide a simple evaluation of the environment of a forest stand and a useful management aid.

Keywords

Citation

Brand, Gary J. 1985. Environmental indices for common Michigan trees and shrubs. Research Paper NC-261. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station https://doi.org/10.2737/NC-RP-261.